SynthesisAmerican journal of epidemiology2011
Smoking before the first pregnancy and the risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in American journal of epidemiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between tobacco and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Association of Chewing Tobacco and the Risk of Breast Cancer in Indian Women: A Multicentre Case-Control Study.International journal of breast cancer · 2026Article
- Review
- Smoking history and breast cancer risk by pathological subtype: MCC-Spain study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
- State of the evidence 2017: an update on the connection between breast cancer and the environment.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2017Review
- Breast cancer and exposure to tobacco smoke during potential windows of susceptibility.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2017Article
- Cigarette Smoking and Breast Cancer Risk in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Women: The Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2016Article
- Husband's smoking status and breast cancer risk in Japan: From the Takayama study.Cancer science · 2015Article
- The association between lifetime smoking exposure and breast cancer mortality--results from a Norwegian cohort.Cancer medicine · 2014Article
- A prospective study of smoking and breast cancer risk among African-American women.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2013Article
- Smoking duration before first childbirth: an emerging risk factor for breast cancer? Results from 302,865 Norwegian women.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2013Article
- Smoking and breast cancer.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2013Review
- A multi-ethnic breast cancer case-control study in New Zealand: evidence of differential risk patterns.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2013Article
- Cigarette smoking and risk of breast cancer in a New Zealand multi-ethnic case-control study.PloS one · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The authors conducted a meta-analysis of the association between smoking before a first pregnancy, when undifferentiated breast tissue may be vulnerable to tobacco carcinogens, and the risk of breast cancer. A search of the published literature through August 2010 identified 23 papers reporting on associations between smoking before a first pregnancy and breast cancer. Odds ratios or hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for known or suspected breast cancer risk factors, were abstracted from each study. Data were pooled using both fixed- and random-effects models. The fixed-effect summary risk ratio for breast cancer among the women who smoked before their first pregnancy versus women who had never smoked was 1.10 (95% confidence interval: 1.07, 1.14); the random-effects estimate was similar. The separate fixed-effect risk ratios for smoking only before the first pregnancy (5 studies) or only after the first pregnancy (16 studies) were both 1.07, providing no evidence that breast tissue is more susceptible to malignant transformation from smoking before the first pregnancy. While these small summary risk ratios may represent causal effects, residual confounding could readily produce estimates of this size in the absence of any causal effect.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.