Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21717116›Full record

ArticleDiabetologia2011

Design and cohort description of the InterAct Project: an examination of the interaction of genetic and lifestyle factors on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in the EPIC Study.

InterAct Consortium, C Langenberg, S Sharp, N G Forouhi, P W Franks, M B Schulze, N Kerrison, U Ekelund, I Barroso, S Panico and 65 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read

PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher

In one paragraph

Article in Diabetologia, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 143 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

143citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it

11.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

143 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 200 citations in OpenAlex.

Body mass index and cancer risk among adults with and without cardiometabolic diseases: evidence from the EPIC and UK Biobank prospective cohort studies.BMC medicine · 2023
Pooled it
The association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D metabolites and type 2 diabetes in European populations: A meta-analysis and Mendelian randomisation analysis.PLoS medicine · 2020
Pooled it
Associations of circulating very-long-chain saturated fatty acids and incident type 2 diabetes: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019
Pooled it
Assessing the causal association of glycine with risk of cardio-metabolic diseases.Nature communications · 2019
Pooled it
Interaction between genes and macronutrient intake on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes: systematic review and findings from European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-InterAct.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2017
Pooled it
Genetic Predisposition to an Impaired Metabolism of the Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomisation Analysis.PLoS medicine · 2016
Pooled it
Association Between Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol-Lowering Genetic Variants and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis.JAMA · 2016 · on this map
Pooled it
Definitions of Metabolic Health and Risk of Future Type 2 Diabetes in BMI Categories: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.Diabetes care · 2015
Pooled it
Dietary fibre and incidence of type 2 diabetes in eight European countries: the EPIC-InterAct Study and a meta-analysis of prospective studies.Diabetologia · 2015
Pooled it
Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2014
Pooled it
Gene × physical activity interactions in obesity: combined analysis of 111,421 individuals of European ancestry.PLoS genetics · 2013
Pooled it
Fruit and vegetable intake and type 2 diabetes: EPIC-InterAct prospective study and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2012
Pooled it
Nut consumption, linoleic and α-linolenic acid intakes, and genetics: how fatty acid desaturase 1 impacts plasma fatty acids and type 2 diabetes risk in EPIC-InterAct and PREDIMED studies.BMC medicine · 2025
Trial
A nutritional biomarker score of the Mediterranean diet and incident type 2 diabetes: Integrated analysis of data from the MedLey randomised controlled trial and the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2023
Trial
Development and multi-cohort validation of a clinical score for predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus.PloS one · 2019
Trial
Association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and incident type 2 diabetes: a mendelian randomisation study.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2015
Trial
Differences in the prospective association between individual plasma phospholipid saturated fatty acids and incident type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2014
Trial
Physical activity reduces the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in general and in abdominally lean and obese men and women: the EPIC-InterAct Study.Diabetologia · 2012
Trial
Associations of proteomic age clocks with lifestyle risk factors, incident chronic diseases and mortality in two European cohorts.Nature aging · 2026
Article
Proteomics of multimorbidity progression across cardiometabolic diseases and cancer in a multinational cohort.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026
Article

83 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

75 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

InterAct ConsortiumMedical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 285, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK e-mail: claudia.langenberg@mrc-epid.cam.ac.uk

C Langenberg

S Sharp

N G Forouhi

P W Franks

M B Schulze

N Kerrison

U Ekelund

I Barroso

S Panico

M J Tormo

J Spranger

S Griffin

Y T van der Schouw

P Amiano

E Ardanaz

L Arriola

B Balkau

A Barricarte

J W J Beulens

H Boeing

H B Bueno-de-Mesquita

B Buijsse

M D Chirlaque Lopez

F Clavel-Chapelon

F L Crowe

B de Lauzon-Guillan

P Deloukas

M Dorronsoro

D Drogan

P Froguel

C Gonzalez

S Grioni

L Groop

C Groves

P Hainaut

J Halkjaer

G Hallmans

T Hansen

J M Huerta Castaño

R Kaaks

T J Key

K T Khaw

A Koulman

A Mattiello

C Navarro

P Nilsson

T Norat

K Overvad

L Palla

D Palli

O Pedersen

P H Peeters

J R Quirós

A Ramachandran

L Rodriguez-Suarez

O Rolandsson

D Romaguera

I Romieu

C Sacerdote

M J Sánchez

A Sandbaek

N Slimani

I Sluijs

A M W Spijkerman

B Teucher

A Tjonneland

R Tumino

D L van der A

W M M Verschuren

J Tuomilehto

E Feskens

M McCarthy

E Riboli

N J Wareham

MRC Epidemiology Unit · GB

Funding

Cancer Research UKCIHR G0601261Medical Research Council G0401527Medical Research Council G0601261Medical Research Council G1000143Medical Research Council MC_EX_G0800783Medical Research Council MC_U106179471Medical Research Council MC_U106179473Medical Research Council MC_U106179474Medical Research Council MC_UP_A090_1006Medical Research Council MC_UP_A100_1003Wellcome Trust 083270/083270/zWellcome Trust 090532

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aims/hypothesisStudying gene-lifestyle interaction may help to identify lifestyle factors that modify genetic susceptibility and uncover genetic loci exerting important subgroup effects. Adequately powered studies with prospective, unbiased, standardised assessment of key behavioural factors for gene-lifestyle studies are lacking. This case-cohort study aims to investigate how genetic and potentially modifiable lifestyle and behavioural factors, particularly diet and physical activity, interact in their influence on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

methodsIncident cases of type 2 diabetes occurring in European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohorts between 1991 and 2007 from eight of the ten EPIC countries were ascertained and verified. Prentice-weighted Cox regression and random-effects meta-analyses were used to investigate differences in diabetes incidence by age and sex.

resultsA total of 12,403 verified incident cases of type 2 diabetes occurred during 3.99 million person-years of follow-up of 340,234 EPIC participants eligible for InterAct. We defined a centre-stratified subcohort of 16,154 individuals for comparative analyses. Individuals with incident diabetes who were randomly selected into the subcohort (n = 778) were included as cases in the analyses. All prevalent diabetes cases were excluded from the study. InterAct cases were followed-up for an average of 6.9 years; 49.7% were men. Mean baseline age and age at diagnosis were 55.6 and 62.5 years, mean BMI and waist circumference values were 29.4 kg/m(2) and 102.7 cm in men, and 30.1 kg/m(2) and 92.8 cm in women, respectively. Risk of type 2 diabetes increased linearly with age, with an overall HR of 1.56 (95% CI 1.48-1.64) for a 10 year age difference, adjusted for sex. A male excess in the risk of incident diabetes was consistently observed across all countries, with a pooled HR of 1.51 (95% CI 1.39-1.64), adjusted for age. CONCLUSIONS/

interpretationInterAct is a large, well-powered, prospective study that will inform our understanding of the interplay between genes and lifestyle factors on the risk of type 2 diabetes development.

Indexed as

Life StyleCohort StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2DietEuropeFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansIncidenceInternational CooperationMaleMiddle AgedMotor ActivityProspective StudiesRetrospective Studies

Identifiers

PMID21717116

DOI10.1007/s00125-011-2182-9

PMCPMC4222062

OpenAlexW1522058342

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceTDM

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.