Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21715689›Full record

ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2011

Importance of the CCR5-CCL5 axis for mucosal Trypanosoma cruzi protection and B cell activation.

Nicole L Sullivan, Christopher S Eickhoff, Xiuli Zhang, Olivia K Giddings, Thomas E Lane, Daniel F Hoft

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Sex Differences in Lung B Cell Responses in a Murine Model of Asthma.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Genetic Polymorphism atFrontiers in immunology · 2018
    Article
  12. New Data on Human Macrophages Polarization byFrontiers in immunology · 2017
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Nicole L SullivanDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
Christopher S Eickhoff
Xiuli Zhang
Olivia K Giddings
Thomas E Lane
Daniel F Hoft
University Medical Center · USSaint Louis University · USUniversity of California, Irvine · US

Funding

TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI MUCOSAL &SYSTEMIC PROTECTIVE IMMUNITYR01AI040196 · NIAID · SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY · PI HOFT, DANIEL F. · 1999 to 2008
$2.7M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI040196
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Trypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular parasite and the causative agent of Chagas disease. Previous work has shown that the chemokine receptor CCR5 plays a role in systemic T. cruzi protection. We evaluated the importance of CCR5 and CCL5 for mucosal protection against natural oral and conjunctival T. cruzi challenges. T. cruzi-immune CCR5(-/-) and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were generated by repeated infectious challenges with T. cruzi. CCR5(-/-) and wild-type mice developed equivalent levels of cellular, humoral, and protective mucosal responses. However, CCR5(-/-)-immune mice produced increased levels of CCL5 in protected gastric tissues, suggesting compensatory signaling through additional receptors. Neutralization of CCL5 in CCR5(-/-)-immune mice resulted in decreased mucosal inflammatory responses, reduced T. cruzi-specific Ab-secreting cells, and significantly less mucosal T. cruzi protection, confirming an important role for CCL5 in optimal immune control of T. cruzi replication at the point of initial mucosal invasion. To investigate further the mechanism responsible for mucosal protection mediated by CCL5-CCR5 signaling, we evaluated the effects of CCL5 on B cells. CCL5 enhanced proliferation and IgM secretion in highly purified B cells triggered by suboptimal doses of LPS. In addition, neutralization of endogenous CCL5 inhibited B cell proliferation and IgM secretion during stimulation of highly purified B cells, indicating that B cell production of CCL5 has important autocrine effects. These findings demonstrate direct effects of CCL5 on B cells, with significant implications for the development of mucosal adjuvants, and further suggest that CCL5 may be important as a general B cell coactivator.

Indexed as

Administration, OralAnimalsB-LymphocytesChagas DiseaseChemokine CCL5FemaleGastric MucosaGene Expression RegulationHumansInjections, IntraocularLymphocyte ActivationMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMouth MucosaChemokine CCL5Receptors, CCR5

Identifiers

PMID21715689
PMCPMC3150841
OpenAlexW2154779599

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.