Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21715514›Full record

Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2011

Effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on pancreatic β cell function, insulin sensitivity, and glycemia in adults at high risk of diabetes: the Calcium and Vitamin D for Diabetes Mellitus (CaDDM) randomized controlled trial.

Joanna Mitri, Bess Dawson-Hughes, Frank B Hu, Anastassios G Pittas

3 registry-linked trialsOpen access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 190 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
190citing papers in PubMed, 15 pooled it
26.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00436475 phase1 / phase2completednot on this map

Vitamin D and Calcium Homeostasis for Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes

TypeinterventionalSponsorTufts Medical CenterRan2007 to 2009Enrolled92ConditionsGlucose Intolerance, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Metabolic SyndromeArmsVitamin D3 2,000 IU orally once daily, Calcium Carbonate 400 mg orally twice daily, Vitamin D3-Placebo, Calcium-Placebo
NCT02416193 phase2terminatednot on this mapstarted 2015, after this paper: background citation

Can Vitamin D3 Improve Cognitive Function in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes? (THINK-D)

TypeinterventionalSponsorLoyola UniversityRan2015 to 2018Enrolled56ConditionsDiabetes, Executive DysfunctionArmsCholecalciferol
NCT03138616 phase4unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation

The Impacts of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism in Chinese Women With Vitamin D Deficiency and Former Gestational Diabetes Mellitus:A Randomised Control Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorShanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineRan2016 to 2019Enrolled180ConditionsGestational Diabetes MellitusArmsvitamin D
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

190 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 426 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The role of vitamin D signalling in β cell apoptosis: a systematic review.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Pooled it
  11. Pooled it
  12. Pooled it
  13. Pooled it
  14. Pooled it
  15. Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014
    Pooled it
  16. Trial
  17. Trial
  18. Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion in Prediabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022
    Trial
  19. Trial
  20. Trial

130 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Joanna MitriDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Bess Dawson-Hughes
Frank B Hu
Anastassios G Pittas
Tufts University · USTufts Medical Center · US

Funding

TUFTS CLINICAL AND TRANSLATION SCIENCE INSTITUTE (UL1): BPCAUL1RR025752 · NCRR · TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON · PI SELKER, HARRY P. · 2008 to 2011
$17.6M
Vitamin D and Calcium Homeostasis in Relation to Type 2 DiabetesR01DK076092 · NIDDK · TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER · PI PITTAS, ANASTASSIOS G · 2006 to 2015
$4.1M
NCRR NIH HHS RR025752NIDDK NIH HHS R01DK76092
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA suboptimal vitamin D and calcium status has been associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes in observational studies, but evidence from trials is lacking.

objectiveWe determined whether vitamin D supplementation, with or without calcium, improved glucose homeostasis in adults at high risk of diabetes.

designNinety-two adults were randomly assigned in a 2-by-2 factorial-design, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial to receive either cholecalciferol (2000 IU once daily) or calcium carbonate (400 mg twice daily) for 16 wk. The primary outcome was the change in pancreatic β cell function as measured by the disposition index after an intravenous-glucose-tolerance test. Other outcomes were acute insulin response, insulin sensitivity, and measures of glycemia.

resultsParticipants had a mean age of 57 y, a body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) of 32, and glycated hemoglobin (Hb A(1c)) of 5.9%. There was no significant vitamin D × calcium interaction on any outcomes. The disposition index increased in the vitamin D group and decreased in the no-vitamin D group (adjusted mean change ± SE: 300 ± 130 compared with -126 ± 127, respectively; P = 0.011), which was explained by an improvement in insulin secretion (62 ± 39 compared with -36 ± 37 mU · L(-1) · min, respectively; P = 0.046). Hb A(1c) increased less, but nonsignificantly, in the vitamin D group than in the no-vitamin D group (0.06 ± 0.03% compared with 0.14 ± 0.03%, respectively; P = 0.081). There was no significant difference in any outcomes with calcium compared with no calcium.

conclusionIn adults at risk of type 2 diabetes, short-term supplementation with cholecalciferol improved β cell function and had a marginal effect on attenuating the rise in Hb A(1c). This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00436475.

Indexed as

Insulin ResistanceBlood GlucoseCalcium, DietaryDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Dietary SupplementsDouble-Blind MethodFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansInsulinInsulin-Secreting CellsInsulin SecretionMaleMiddle AgedRiskVitamin DBlood GlucoseCalcium, DietaryInsulinVitamin D

Identifiers

PMID21715514
PMCPMC3142723
OpenAlexW2106033766

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.