Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2011
Yellow maize with high β-carotene is an effective source of vitamin A in healthy Zimbabwean men.
Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Bioavailability of Yellow Maize Carotenoids in Humans
Efficacy of β-carotene Biofortified Maize in Improving Vitamin A Status and Reducing the Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency Among Children in Rural Zambia
Efficacy of Biofortified Maize to Improve Maternal and Infant Vitamin A Status
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Selected laboratory-based biomarkers for assessing vitamin A deficiency in at-risk individuals.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Biofortified orange maize is as efficacious as a vitamin A supplement in Zambian children even in the presence of high liver reserves of vitamin A: a community-based, randomized placebo-controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2014Trial
- β-Carotene in Golden Rice is as good as β-carotene in oil at providing vitamin A to children.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2012Trial
- Genetic Dissection and Functional Validation ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Plant-derived vesicle-like nanoparticles in food crops: emerging insights into nutritional biofortification and biomedical applications.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Review
- Development and Sensory Assessment of Ready-to-Eat Breakfast Cereal.International journal of food science · 2022Article
- Carotenoid stability and aroma retention during the post-harvest storage of biofortified maize.Journal of the science of food and agriculture · 2021Article
- Multinutrient Biofortification of Maize (Nutrients · 2021Review
- The potential of utilizing Provitamin A-biofortified maize in producingFood science & nutrition · 2021Article
- Nutritional Properties ofFrontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
- Phenotypic characterization and validation of provitamin A functional genes in early maturing provitamin A-quality protein maize (Plant breeding = Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenzuchtung · 2020Article
- Compositional Analysis of Genetically Engineered GR2E "Golden Rice" in Comparison to That of Conventional Rice.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2019Article
- Article
- Use of Stable Isotopes to Evaluate Bioefficacy of Provitamin A Carotenoids, Vitamin A Status, and Bioavailability of Iron and Zinc.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2018Review
- The Potential of Integrating Provitamin A-Biofortified Maize in Smallholder Farming Systems to Reduce Malnourishment in South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Review
- FromFrontiers in plant science · 2018Review
- Article
- Vitamin A status in healthy women eating traditionally prepared spirulina (Dihé) in the Chad Lake area.PloS one · 2018Observational
- Molecular characterization of 5' UTR of the3 Biotech · 2018Article
- 13C Natural Abundance of Serum Retinol Is a Novel Biomarker for Evaluating Provitamin A Carotenoid-Biofortified Maize Consumption in Male Mongolian Gerbils.The Journal of nutrition · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe bioconversion efficiency of yellow maize β-carotene to retinol in humans is unknown.
objectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the vitamin A value of yellow maize β-carotene in humans.
designHigh β-carotene-containing yellow maize was grown in a hydroponic medium with 23 atom% (2)H(2)O during grain development. Yellow maize β-carotene showed the highest abundance of enrichment as [(2)H(9)]β-carotene. Eight healthy Zimbabwean men volunteered for the study. On day 1 after a fasting blood draw, subjects consumed 300 g yellow maize porridge containing 1.2 mg β-carotene, 20 g butter, and a 0.5-g corn oil capsule. On day 8, fasting blood was drawn, and subjects consumed 1 mg [(13)C(10)]retinyl acetate in a 0.5-g corn oil capsule and 300 g white maize porridge with 20 g butter. Thirty-six blood samples were collected from each subject over 36 d. Concentrations and enrichments of retinol and β-carotene in labeled doses and serum were determined with the use of HPLC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
resultsThe area under the curve (AUC) of retinol from 1.2 mg yellow maize β-carotene was 72.9 nmol · d, and the AUC of retinol from 1 mg retinyl acetate (13)C(10) was 161.1 nmol · d. The conversion factor of yellow maize β-carotene to retinol by weight was 3.2 ± 1.5 to 1.
conclusionIn 8 healthy Zimbabwean men, 300 g cooked yellow maize containing 1.2 mg β-carotene that was consumed with 20.5 g fat showed the same vitamin A activity as 0.38 mg retinol and provided 40-50% of the adult vitamin A Recommended Dietary Allowance. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00636038.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.