ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2011
Vitamin D enhances corneal epithelial barrier function.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D and Ocular Diseases: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of Supplemental Calcium and Vitamin D on Circulating Biomarkers of Gut Barrier Function in Patients with Colon Adenoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2021Trial
- Effects of supplemental calcium and vitamin D on tight-junction proteins and mucin-12 expression in the normal rectal mucosa of colorectal adenoma patients.Molecular carcinogenesis · 2019Trial
- The effects of vitamin d replacement therapy on ocular surface health in children with vitamin d deficiency.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Vitamin D boosts HIV-1 resistance in female genital epithelial cells by enhancing antiviral cathelicidin expression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Keratoconus: The Local Manifestation of a Systemic Disease?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The Potential Role of Vitamin D in the Pterygium Pathophysiology-A Possible New Therapeutic Perspective and Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Herpes Simplex Keratitis and Vitamin D Receptor Agonist: Two Case Reports.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pressure Ulcers and Nutrients: From Established Evidence to Gaps in Knowledge.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Emerging role of vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for retinal venous occlusions and need for public health measures for its prevention.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Effects of 1,25-Vitamin D3 and 24,25-Vitamin D3 on Corneal Nerve Regeneration in Diabetic Mice.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Effects of Topical 1,25 and 24,25 Vitamin D on Diabetic, Vitamin D Deficient and Vitamin D Receptor Knockout Mouse Corneal Wound Healing.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Alveolar-Capillary Barrier Protection In Vitro: Lung Cell Type-Specific Effects and Molecular Mechanisms Induced by 1α, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Vitamin D and eye: Current evidence and practice guidelines.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Hormones and dry eye disease.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Calcipotriol Attenuates Form Deprivation Myopia Through a Signaling Pathway Parallel to TGF-β2-Induced Increases in Collagen Expression.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Dry Eye Disease: What Is the Role of Vitamin D?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Corneal wound healing and nerve regeneration by novel ophthalmic formulations based on cross-linked sodium hyaluronate, taurine, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Bacteria and Dry Eye: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this study was to determine whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25(OH)D(3)) and/or its active metabolite, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)), can enhance corneal epithelial barrier function. The authors also determined if corneas contain mRNA for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and 1α-hydroxylase, the enzyme required to convert 25(OH)D(3) to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), and measured vitamin D metabolite concentrations in aqueous and vitreous humor.
methodsRT-PCR was used to examine mouse, rabbit, and human corneal epithelial VDR and 1α-hydroxylase mRNA. Vitamin D metabolites were measured using a selective vitamin D derivatizing agent and mass spectroscopy. Barrier function experiments were performed by measuring inulin permeability (IP) and/or transepithelial resistance (TER) in control, 25(OH)D(3)-, and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-treated human and rabbit corneal epithelial monolayers cultured on permeable inserts. Ca(2+) was removed, then reintroduced to the culture medium while IP and TER readings were taken. Occludin levels were examined using Western blotting.
resultsAll corneal samples were positive for both VDR and 1α-hydroxylase mRNA. All vitamin D metabolites except for unhydroxylated vitamin D(3) were detected in aqueous and vitreous humor. Epithelial cells showed increased TER, decreased IP, and increased occludin levels when cultured with 25(OH)D(3) and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3).
conclusionsWe conclude that corneas contain mRNA for VDR and 1α-hydroxylase as well as significant vitamin D concentrations. 25(OH)D(3) and its active metabolite 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), both enhance corneal epithelial barrier function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.