Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2011
Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening.
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 48 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 5,209 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
National Lung Screening Trial A Randomized Trial Comparing Low-dose Helical CT With Chest Xray for Lung Cancer
Registry Trial to Determine pCLE Image Interpretation Criteria and Preliminary Accuracy: Discrete Pulmonary Lesions and Acute Rejection in Transplanted Lungs
Reducing Lung Cancer-Related Anxiety (RELAX)
Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing the Diagnostic Yield of Radial Endo-Bronchial Ultra-Sound (R-EBUS) Guided Cryo-biopsy Vs. CT-guided Transthoracic Biopsy in Patients With Parenchymal Lung Lesion, Suspected of Lung Cancer (CT-CROP)
Metabolism of Deuterated NNN in Smokeless Tobacco Users
Low-dose Computed Tomography Screening for Lung Cancer in Relatives With Family History of Lung Cancer
Are Doctors Familiar With the Test Characteristics of Lung Cancer Screening?
Robotic ICG Guided Surgery (RIGGS) Using Electromagnetic Navigational Bronchoscopy (ENB): A Novel Technique for Targeting Small Lung Tumors
Low Dose Computed Tomography Screening Study in Non-smokers with Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in Taiwan
A Multi-center, Prospective, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial: Comparison Between Wedge Resection and Segmentectomy in the Surgical Treatment of Ground Glass Opacity-dominant Stage IA Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Measurement of NK Cell Activity in Whole Blood in Subjects Being Screened for Lung Cancer
Pre-Post Study for Supporting Appropriate Implementation of Lung Cancer Screening
Implementation Of Smoking Cessation Services Within NCI NCORP Community Sites With Organized Lung Cancer Screening Programs
Korean Lung Cancer Screening Project for High-risk Smokers to Evaluate Effectiveness and Feasibility of Lung Cancer Screening With Low-dose Computed Tomography for Implementing National Cancer Screening Program
Comparison of Preoperative CT Scan Guided and Intraoperative Hybrid DynaCT Scan-Guided Small Lung Tumor Localization: A Randomized Study
Evaluation of Lung Nodule and Lung Cancer Detection With Artificial Intelligence Assisted Computed Tomography Among People Living in North China: a Prospective Single-arm Multicentre Study of Screening
A Review of Low-Dose CT Lung Cancer Screenings in a Community-Based Healthcare System With High Incidence
Lung Cancer Screening: A Multilevel Intervention
Accuracy of Ultra-Low-Dose-CT (ULDCT) of the Chest Compared to Plain Film in an Unfiltered Emergency Department Patient Cohort
A Pragmatic Randomized-Controlled Trial of a Digital Outreach Intervention for Lung Cancer Screening: mPATH-Lung (Mobile Patient Technology for Health-Lung)
Determination of Pleural Pressure in Subjects With Morbid Obesity
Interstitial Lung Abnormalities--Qualitative Imaging Cohort Study in CT Lung Cancer Screening Population
Improving Cancer Screening and Prevention During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Underserved Populations of Rhode Island: A Community Based Quality Improvement Project of the Lifespan Cancer Institute
Cone Beam Computed Tomography - Guided Navigation Bronchoscopy for Peripheral Pulmonary Nodules: A Randomized Trial
Prolonged Air Leak (PAL) Autologous Blood Patch Intervention Trial
Mobile 3D C-arm CT for Lung Tumor Localization Efficacy Analysis: a Prospective Clinical Trial
Liquid Biopsy in Combination With PET/CT Versus PET/CT Alone in Diagnosis of Small Lung Nodules
Assessment of a Novel Blood Test in Early Detection of the Five Common Cancers Based on the Investigation of the Circulating Tumour DNA
Screening of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis for Interstitial Lung Disease With Radiographic and Labor Methods
Utilization and Effectiveness of Ultra-low-dose Chest Computed Tomography Using Innovative CT Denoising Solution Based on Deep Learning Technology
Nodule IMmunophenotyping Biomarker for Lung Cancer Early Diagnosis Study
Investigating Incidental Pulmonary Nodules in Underserved Communities
Screening for Lung Cancer in Subjects With Family History of Lung Cancer
Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer of the Italian Pulmonary Screening Network (RISP): Comparative Analysis for the Use of Low Dose Computed Tomography and Promotion of Primary Prevention Interventions in Subjects at High Risk for Lung Cancer
Leveraging Social Media to Increase Lung Cancer Screening Awareness, Knowledge and Uptake in High-Risk Populations
Application of Surface-enhanced Raman Scatting (SERS) Technology Based Intraoperative Navigation System in Lung Cancer
Patient Identification, Prescreening and LDCT Screening for Lung Cancer With Telehealth
Exploratory Study on the Identification of Benign and Malignant Pulmonary Nodules Using Volatile Organic Compounds in Human Exhaled Breath
LEAD Pilot Study: Leveraging the Emergency Department to Address SDOH and Reduce Lung Cancer Screening Disparities
The CCANED-CIPHER Study: Early Cancer Detection and Treatment Response Monitoring Using AI-Based Platelet and Immune Cell Transcriptomic Profiling
Involvement of General Practitioners in Lung Cancer Screening
Cutting-edge IMAGING Technologies to Improve the SAFEty and the Sustainability of LUNG Cancer Screening and the Accuracy of Non-invasive Lung Nodules Characterization
Population Health Management Approaches to Increase Lung Cancer Screening in Community Health Centers - UG3 Pilot Clinical Trial
Pneumothorax Risk and Pleural-Depth-Trimmed Hookwire: A Retrospective Cohort Study With Propensity Score Matching in Preoperative CT-Guided Lung Nodule Localization
Integrating Smoking Cessation With Low-dose CT-screening for Lung Cancer - a Randomized Study
SPARC - Screening for Lung Cancer With Platelets Via an AI-enabled RNA-based Classifier
Empowering Patients' Lung Cancer Screening Uptake (Empower LCS/Call+): A Multi-Site Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
CLEAR-LUNG (Community-Level Effectiveness to Advance Reach in Lung Cancer Screening)
Who cites it
5,209 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 10,776 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between the systemic inflammation response index and prognosis in lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Pooled it
- Robotic-assisted transbronchial biopsy versus computed tomography-guided transthoracic needle biopsy for peripheral pulmonary lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of direct comparative studies.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Perioperative outcomes and nodal station assessment after robotic-assisted versus video-assisted thoracoscopic segmentectomy for early-stage NSCLC: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Risk prediction for lung cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-regression.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Pooled it
- Program Guidelines for the National Lung Cancer Screening Program: Targeted Lung Cancer Screening in High-Risk Individuals in Australia.The Medical journal of Australia · 2026Guideline
- Development and validation of a multiancestry and multitrait polygenic risk score for lung cancer.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
- A methodological framework for integrating generalisable deep learning and radiomics fusion model for early lung cancer detection across multi-centre imaging datasets.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Pooled it
- Health Communication and Stepped Reminders Interventions for Lung Cancer Screening: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA internal medicine · 2026Trial
- Performance of a multi-cancer early detection test in the randomized controlled NHS-Galleri trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Biomarker Detection of Lung Cancers Before Clinical Symptoms or the Use of Traditional Imaging Methods in the ITALUNG Trial.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Trial
- Real-time AR navigation with dynamic tracking for millimeter-level pulmonary nodule localization: A randomized clinical trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Agreement and workflow efficiency of AI-based coronary artery calcification quantification in lung cancer screening: Comparison with semi-automated and visual assessment.European journal of radiology open · 2026Article
- Comparative diagnostic value of a blood-based three-gene DNA methylation assay and a seven-autoantibody panel for differentiating pulmonary nodules.The journal of liquid biopsy · 2026Article
- Moran's I-driven habitat radiomics: A biologically plausible and temporally robust approach for risk stratification of lung adenocarcinoma invasiveness.European journal of radiology open · 2026Article
- Potential to improve early detection of lung cancer through expansion of focused and opportunistic screening approaches: a scoping review focusing on potential expansion of screening risk factors and adoption of artificial intelligence models.Lung cancer management · 2026Review
- A multimodal bronchoscopic approach for diagnosing peripheral ground-glass nodules using Cone-Beam computed tomography and cryobiopsy: a preliminary study.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Conservative management of < 3cm anterior mediastinal lesions in lung cancer screening is safe.European radiology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic performance of a single breath-hold lung MRI scan with AI-powered compressed sensing for nodule detection in comparison to photon counting detector-CT.European radiology · 2026Article
- Long-term efficacy and adherence of a lung cancer screening strategy with extended LDCT intervals: Results from the BioMILD trial.Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
5,149 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe aggressive and heterogeneous nature of lung cancer has thwarted efforts to reduce mortality from this cancer through the use of screening. The advent of low-dose helical computed tomography (CT) altered the landscape of lung-cancer screening, with studies indicating that low-dose CT detects many tumors at early stages. The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) was conducted to determine whether screening with low-dose CT could reduce mortality from lung cancer.
methodsFrom August 2002 through April 2004, we enrolled 53,454 persons at high risk for lung cancer at 33 U.S. medical centers. Participants were randomly assigned to undergo three annual screenings with either low-dose CT (26,722 participants) or single-view posteroanterior chest radiography (26,732). Data were collected on cases of lung cancer and deaths from lung cancer that occurred through December 31, 2009.
resultsThe rate of adherence to screening was more than 90%. The rate of positive screening tests was 24.2% with low-dose CT and 6.9% with radiography over all three rounds. A total of 96.4% of the positive screening results in the low-dose CT group and 94.5% in the radiography group were false positive results. The incidence of lung cancer was 645 cases per 100,000 person-years (1060 cancers) in the low-dose CT group, as compared with 572 cases per 100,000 person-years (941 cancers) in the radiography group (rate ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.23). There were 247 deaths from lung cancer per 100,000 person-years in the low-dose CT group and 309 deaths per 100,000 person-years in the radiography group, representing a relative reduction in mortality from lung cancer with low-dose CT screening of 20.0% (95% CI, 6.8 to 26.7; P=0.004). The rate of death from any cause was reduced in the low-dose CT group, as compared with the radiography group, by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2 to 13.6; P=0.02).
conclusionsScreening with the use of low-dose CT reduces mortality from lung cancer. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute; National Lung Screening Trial ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00047385.).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.