ArticleEuropean journal of immunology2011
Anti-PD-1 synergizes with cyclophosphamide to induce potent anti-tumor vaccine effects through novel mechanisms.
Article in European journal of immunology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune microenvironment modulation unmasks therapeutic benefit of radiotherapy and checkpoint inhibition.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2019Trial
- Use of PD-1 Targeting, Macrophage Infiltration, and IDO Pathway Activation in Sarcomas: A Phase 2 Clinical Trial.JAMA oncology · 2018Trial
- Low-dose cyclophosphamide enhances antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell responses to NY-ESO-1/ISCOMATRIX™ vaccine in patients with advanced melanoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2015Trial
- Programmed death-1 blockade enhances the antitumor effects of peptide vaccine-induced peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.International journal of oncology · 2015Trial
- PD-1 genetic fate mapping uncovers immune cell diversity mediating the efficacy of combined PD-1 blockade and chemotherapy.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Mathematical and Mouse Models Identify Regulatory T Cell Influx as A Key Determinant of Acquired Resistance to PD-1 Immunotherapy.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Article
- Integrating Mathematical and Mouse Models Identifies T Regulatory Cell Influx as A Key Determinant of Acquired Resistance to PD-1 Immunotherapy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 Expression as Predictive Markers in Rare Feline Mammary Tumors.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Immunogenicity of cell death and cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- Spartalizumab in combination with platinum-doublet chemotherapy with or without canakinumab in patients with PD-L1-unselected, metastatic NSCLC.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Review
- Cyclophosphamide augments the efficacy ofFrontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Revisiting the melanomagenic pathways and current therapeutic approaches.Molecular biology reports · 2022Review
- Article
- Immune Cell Networks Uncover Candidate Biomarkers of Melanoma Immunotherapy Response.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Engineered extracellular vesicles for concurrent Anti-PDL1 immunotherapy and chemotherapy.Bioactive materials · 2022Article
- Conversion Surgery Following Immunochemotherapy in Initially Unresectable Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Real-World Multicenter Study (RICE-Retro).Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Targeting the MDM2-p53 pathway in dedifferentiated liposarcoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- The perplexing role of immuno-oncology drugs in osteosarcoma.Journal of bone oncology · 2021Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) is expressed on T cells following TCR activation. Binding of this receptor to its cognate ligands, programmed death ligand (PDL)-1 and PDL-2, down-regulates signals by the TCR, promoting T-cell anergy and apoptosis, thus leading to immune suppression. Here, we find that using an anti-PD-1 antibody (CT-011) with Treg-cell depletion by low-dose cyclophosphamide (CPM), combined with a tumor vaccine, induces synergistic antigen-specific immune responses and reveals novel activities of each agent in this combination. This strategy led to complete regression of established tumors in a significant percentage of treated animals, with survival prolongation. We show for the first time that combining CT-011 and CPM significantly increases the number of vaccine-induced tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells, with simultaneous decrease in infiltrating Treg cells. Interestingly, we find that CT-011 prolongs Treg-cell inhibition induced by CPM, leading to a sustainable significant synergistic decrease of splenic and tumor-infiltrated Treg cells. Surprisingly, we find that the anti-tumor effect elicited by the combination of CT-011 and CPM is dependent on both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell responses, although the antigen we used is a class I MHC-restricted peptide. Thus, we describe a novel and effective therapeutic approach by combining multiple strategies to target several tumor-mediated immune inhibitory mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.