Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21710170›Full record

Trial reportPsychopharmacology2011

Stress- and cue-elicited craving and reactivity in marijuana-dependent individuals.

Aimee L McRae-Clark, Rickey E Carter, Kimber L Price, Nathaniel L Baker, Suzanne Thomas, Michael E Saladin, Kathleen Giarla, Katherine Nicholas, Kathleen T Brady

Open access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Psychopharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 28% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

53 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.

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  14. Artificial Intelligence Approximates Human Affect Ratings of Cannabis Images.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Aimee L McRae-ClarkDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. mcraeal@musc.edu
Rickey E Carter
Kimber L Price
Nathaniel L Baker
Suzanne Thomas
Michael E Saladin
Kathleen Giarla
Katherine Nicholas
Kathleen T Brady
Medical University of South Carolina · USWinnMed · US

Funding

ZINC AND COPPER METABOLISM IN COLLAGEN DISORDERSM01RR001070 · NCRR · MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA · PI REVES, JOSEPH G · 1985 to 2009
$16.3M
Stress and Marijuana Cue-Elicited Craving and ReactivityR21DA022424 · NIDA · MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA · PI MCRAE-CLARK, AIMEE L · 2007 to 2008
$398k
NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR001070NCRR NIH HHS M01RR001070NIDA NIH HHS R21 DA022424NIDA NIH HHS R21DA22424
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

rationaleCue-elicited craving and stress responses have been identified as predictors of relapse in drug dependence, but little research exists on the contribution of these factors to marijuana use specifically.

objectivesThe aims of the present study were to evaluate (1) responses to a psychological stressor, (2) responses to marijuana-related cues, and (3) if an exposure to a psychological stressor augmented craving subsequently elicited by marijuana-related cue exposure in marijuana-dependent individuals.

methodsSubjective (craving, stress), neuroendocrine (adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol), and physiologic responses to the presentation of neutral and marijuana cues were assessed after randomization to a stress (Trier Social Stress Task (TSST)) or non-stress control condition in marijuana-dependent individuals. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline, post-stressor/pre-neutral cue, post-neutral cue, and post-marijuana cue.

resultsEighty-seven participants completed procedures (stress group, n = 45; non-stress group, n = 42). The stress group had a significant increase over the non-stress group in stress rating (p < 0.001), craving (p = 0.028), cortisol (p < 0.001), and ACTH (p < 0.001) after the completion of the TSST. An increased craving response for all participants was seen following the presentation of the marijuana cues (p = 0.005). Following the TSST or non-stress condition, the non-stress group had an increase in craving to marijuana cues as compared to neutral cues (p = 0.002); an increase in craving was not observed in the stress group (p = 0.404).

conclusionsMarijuana cue exposure and a social stressor increased craving in marijuana-dependent individuals. Completion of the TSST did not increase craving response to subsequent marijuana cue exposure.

Indexed as

CuesAdolescentAdrenocorticotropic HormoneAdultFemaleHumansHydrocortisoneMaleMarijuana AbusePsychological TestsStress, PsychologicalYoung AdultAdrenocorticotropic HormoneHydrocortisone

Identifiers

PMID21710170
PMCPMC3209966
OpenAlexW1995338627

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.