ArticleDiabetes care2011
Changes over time in glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and beta-cell function in response to low-dose metformin and thiazolidinedione combination therapy in patients with impaired glucose tolerance.
Article in Diabetes care, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- The eternal struggle between titans: Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) versus metformin in type 2 diabetes (T2D) gut dysmotility.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Nonlifestyle Treatment of Prediabetes.Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
- Should Prediabetes be Treated Pharmacologically?Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2023Article
- Article
- Metformin and Type 2 Diabetes Prevention.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2018Article
- Therapeutic Use of Metformin in Prediabetes and Diabetes Prevention.Drugs · 2015 · on this mapReview
- Metformin: an old but still the best treatment for type 2 diabetes.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2013Article
- AMPK in myocardial infarction and diabetes: the yin/yang effect.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2012Article
- What's next for diabetes prevention?Diabetes care · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveIn the Canadian Normoglycemia Outcome Evaluation (CANOE) trial, low-dose rosiglitazone/metformin reduced the risk of diabetes in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance by 66% over a median of 3.9 years. We evaluate the temporal changes in glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell function during this trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsCANOE participants (n=207) underwent annual oral glucose tolerance testing, enabling temporal comparison of glycemia, insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index), and β-cell function (insulin secretion-sensitivity index-2 [ISSI-2]) between the rosiglitazone/metformin and placebo arms.
resultsGlycemic parameters and insulin sensitivity improved in the rosiglitazone/metformin arm in year 1, but deteriorated in the years thereafter as in the placebo arm. Generalized estimating equation analysis confirmed that both insulin sensitivity and β-cell function decreased over time (Matsuda: β=-0.0515, P<0.0001; ISSI-2: β=-6.6507, P<0.0001), with no significant time-by-treatment interaction (Matsuda: P=0.57; ISSI-2: P=0.22).
conclusionsDespite preventing incident diabetes, low-dose rosiglitazone/metformin did not modify the natural history of worsening insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.