Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21709261›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011

Proton transfer via a transient linear water-molecule chain in a membrane protein.

Erik Freier, Steffen Wolf, Klaus Gerwert

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
80citing papers in PubMed
6.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

80 citing papers in PubMed, 203 citations in OpenAlex.

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  5. Role of restraints on hydrogen atoms in Hirshfeld atom refinement: the case of tri-aspartic acid trihydrate.Acta crystallographica Section B, Structural science, crystal engineering and materials · 2025
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  15. Protonation of Asp116 and distortion of the all-trans retinal chromophore in Krokinobacter eikastus rhodopsin 2 causes a redshift in absorption maximum upon dehydration.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2023
    Article
  16. Mechanisms of inward transmembrane proton translocation.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2023
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  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. A Buried Water Network Modulates the Activity of theAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article

20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Erik FreierDepartment of Biophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
Steffen Wolf
Klaus Gerwert
Ruhr University Bochum · DEChinese Academy of Sciences · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

High-resolution protein ground-state structures of proton pumps and channels have revealed internal protein-bound water molecules. Their possible active involvement in protein function has recently come into focus. An illustration of the formation of a protonated protein-bound water cluster that is actively involved in proton transfer was described for the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin (bR) [Garczarek F, Gerwert K (2006) Nature 439:109-112]. Here we show through a combination of time-resolved FTIR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations that three protein-bound water molecules are rearranged by a protein conformational change that resulted in a transient Grotthuss-type proton-transfer chain extending through a hydrophobic protein region of bR. This transient linear water chain facilitates proton transfer at an intermediate conformation only, thereby directing proton transfer within the protein. The rearrangement of protein-bound water molecules that we describe, from inactive positions in the ground state to an active chain in an intermediate state, appears to be energetically favored relative to transient incorporation of water molecules from the bulk. Our discovery provides insight into proton-transfer mechanisms through hydrophobic core regions of ubiquitous membrane spanning proteins such as G-protein coupled receptors or cytochrome C oxidases.

Indexed as

Amino Acid SubstitutionBacteriorhodopsinsBinding SitesBiophysical PhenomenaHalobacterium salinarumHydrogen BondingHydrophobic and Hydrophilic InteractionsMembrane ProteinsModels, MolecularMolecular Dynamics SimulationMutagenesis, Site-DirectedProtein BindingProtein ConformationProtonsSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredWaterBacteriorhodopsinsMembrane ProteinsProtonsWater

Identifiers

PMID21709261
PMCPMC3136293
OpenAlexW1988964426

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.