Trial reportJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology2011
Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of nonmelanoma and melanoma skin cancer: post hoc analyses of the women's health initiative randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Association between vitamin D/calcium intake and 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of ovarian cancer: a dose-response relationship meta-analysis.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Risk of keratinocyte carcinomas with vitamin D and calcium supplementation: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Trial
- 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels in patients with high risk resected melanoma treated in an adjuvant bevacizumab trial.British journal of cancer · 2018Trial
- Association of Vitamin D Levels With Outcome in Patients With Melanoma After Adjustment For C-Reactive Protein.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Chemoprevention in Skin Cancer: What Advice?Cancers · 2026Review
- Review
- Vitamin D in Melanoma: Potential Role of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Vitamin D and potential effects on cancers: a review.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- Systemic Photoprotection in Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Long-term outcomes of margin-controlled excision for eyelid melanoma.Eye (London, England) · 2023Observational
- Causal association between serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels and cutaneous melanoma: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Review
- Nutritional Interventions for Patients with Melanoma: From Prevention to Therapy-An Update.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Review
- The Role of the Vitamin D Receptor in the Pathogenesis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Cutaneous Melanoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeIn light of inverse relationships reported in observational studies of vitamin D intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and melanoma, we evaluated the effects of vitamin D combined with calcium supplementation on skin cancer in a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
methodsPostmenopausal women age 50 to 79 years (N = 36,282) enrolled onto the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) calcium/vitamin D clinical trial were randomly assigned to receive 1,000 mg of elemental calcium plus 400 IU of vitamin D3 (CaD) daily or placebo for a mean follow-up period of 7.0 years. NMSC and melanoma skin cancers were ascertained by annual self-report; melanoma skin cancers underwent physician adjudication.
resultsNeither incident NMSC nor melanoma rates differed between treatment (hazard ratio [HR], 1.02; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.07) and placebo groups (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.16). In subgroup analyses, women with history of NMSC assigned to CaD had a reduced risk of melanoma versus those receiving placebo (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.90; P(interaction) = .038), which was not observed in women without history of NMSC.
conclusionVitamin D supplementation at a relatively low dose plus calcium did not reduce the overall incidence of NMSC or melanoma. However, in women with history of NMSC, CaD supplementation reduced melanoma risk, suggesting a potential role for calcium and vitamin D supplements in this high-risk group. Results from this post hoc subgroup analysis should be interpreted with caution but warrant additional investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.