Trial reportJournal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research2011
Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: double-blind, randomized clinical trial of safety and effectiveness.
Trial report in Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 7 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 357 papers, 19 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of Vitamin D Requirements During Pregnancy
Preventing Health Disparities During Pregnancy Through Vitamin D Supplementation
Effect of Vitamin D Replacement on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes: a Randomized Controlled Trial in Pregnant Women With Hypovitaminosis D
A Randomized Control Trial of Vitamin D Prophylaxis in the Prevention of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Supplementation of Vitamin D in Preterm Infants- Monitored Therapy vs Standard Therapy. A Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of Suplementation of 5,000 UI Vitamin D3 on the Glycemic Profile in Patients With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus of the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca
Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Fetomaternal Outcomes in Pregnant Females With Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Lahore-Punjab
Who cites it
357 citing papers in PubMed, 19 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 839 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endocrine-Immune Crosstalk in Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review of the Role of Micronutrients, with Emphasis on Vitamin D.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation on Childhood Health.Endocrine reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation on Childhood Health.Endocrine reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating agreement between individual nutrition randomised controlled trials and cohort studies - a meta-epidemiological study.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of intermittent overload doses of oral vitamin D3 on serum 25(OH)D concentrations and the incidence rates of fractures, falls, and mortality in elderly individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2024Pooled it
- Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- The effect of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy on adverse birth outcomes in neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Long-term supplementation with 3200 to 4000 IU of vitamin D daily and adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European journal of nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Influence of Vitamin D supplementation on reproductive outcomes of infertile patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamin D-Related Risk Factors for Maternal Morbidity during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Interventions to improve vitamin D status in at-risk ethnic groups during pregnancy and early childhood: a systematic review.Public health nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Maternal Dietary Factors and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review of Existing Evidence.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2020Pooled it
- How 25(OH)D Levels during Pregnancy Affect Prevalence of Autism in Children: Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the response of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration to vitamin D supplementation from RCTs from around the globe.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Pooled it
- Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy on Birth Size: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Association Between Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy and Offspring Growth, Morbidity, and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA pediatrics · 2018Pooled it
- Vitamin D replacement in children, adolescents and pregnant women in the Middle East and North Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2017Pooled it
- High-Dose Vitamin D3 Supplementation During Pregnancy and Test-Based Cognitive Performance at Age 10 Years: A Post Hoc Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
297 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The need, safety, and effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy remain controversial. In this randomized, controlled trial, women with a singleton pregnancy at 12 to 16 weeks' gestation received 400, 2000, or 4000 IU of vitamin D(3) per day until delivery. The primary outcome was maternal/neonatal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration at delivery, with secondary outcomes of a 25(OH)D concentration of 80 nmol/L or greater achieved and the 25(OH)D concentration required to achieve maximal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] production. Of the 494 women enrolled, 350 women continued until delivery: Mean 25(OH)D concentrations by group at delivery and 1 month before delivery were significantly different (p < 0.0001), and the percent who achieved sufficiency was significantly different by group, greatest in 4000-IU group (p < 0.0001). The relative risk (RR) for achieving a concentration of 80 nmol/L or greater within 1 month of delivery was significantly different between the 2000- and the 400-IU groups (RR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.24-1.86), the 4000- and the 400-IU groups (RR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.32-1.95) but not between the 4000- and. 2000-IU groups (RR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.93-1.19). Circulating 25(OH)D had a direct influence on circulating 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) concentrations throughout pregnancy (p < 0.0001), with maximal production of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in all strata in the 4000-IU group. There were no differences between groups on any safety measure. Not a single adverse event was attributed to vitamin D supplementation or circulating 25(OH)D levels. It is concluded that vitamin D supplementation of 4000 IU/d for pregnant women is safe and most effective in achieving sufficiency in all women and their neonates regardless of race, whereas the current estimated average requirement is comparatively ineffective at achieving adequate circulating 25(OH)D concentrations, especially in African Americans.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.