ReviewReviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders2011
Are circulating gonadotropin isoforms naturally occurring biased agonists? Basic and therapeutic implications.
Review in Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Follicular development during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle: the enigma of luteinizing hormone receptor function.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Integrating impact of FSH isoforms, androgens and inhibin-B on follicular development based on a two-phase model of the follicular phase.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2025Review
- Biased signaling in naturally occurring mutations of G protein-coupled receptors associated with diverse human diseases.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2021Review
- Single-cell DNA methylation sequencing reveals epigenetic alterations in mouse oocytes superovulated with different dosages of gonadotropins.Clinical epigenetics · 2020Article
- FSH for the Treatment of Male Infertility.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Mouse models for the analysis of gonadotropin secretion and action.Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism · 2018Review
- Human Luteinizing Hormone and Chorionic Gonadotropin Display Biased Agonism at the LH and LH/CG Receptors.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Outcomes and Recommendations of an Indian Expert Panel for Improved Practice in Controlled Ovarian Stimulation for Assisted Reproductive Technology.International journal of reproductive medicine · 2017Review
- Human Neuropeptide S Receptor Is Activated via a Gαq Protein-biased Signaling Cascade by a Human Neuropeptide S Analog Lacking the C-terminal 10 Residues.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2016Article
- Functional Divergence in the Role of N-Linked Glycosylation in Smoothened Signaling.PLoS genetics · 2015Article
- New Frontier in Glycoprotein Hormones and Their Receptors Structure-Function.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2015Review
- Assessing Gonadotropin Receptor Function by Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Assays.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2015Article
- Luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin: distinguishing unique physiologic roles.Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin and follicle-stimulating hormone, are key regulators of reproduction. As a result of this function, they have been the focus of research for many years. Isolated or recombinant proteins have been successfully used therapeutically for the treatment of infertility; and, in the case of compounds that block gonadotropin activity, for their potential utility in contraception. Until recently, selective small molecules modulating gonadotropin receptor activity have proven difficult to identify. The gonadotropins are glycoproteins that are released into the plasma as differently glycosylated isoforms and bind to specific G protein-coupled receptors. The degree of glycosylation on the gonadotropins has been shown to be important for the biological activities of these hormones and is differentially regulated depending on the steroidal status. Recent data from the study of glycosylated variants of LH, hCG and FSH have revealed that these isoforms have distinct signaling properties that allow for gonadotropin pleiotropic signals to be transduced effectively at the level of the receptor. Thus, glycosylated variants of the gonadotropins behave as biased agonists. Recently, newly developed, small molecule, synthetic allosteric compounds have been identified that are capable of mimicking this biased signaling. This opens the door to development of orally available, drug-like therapies for reproductive disorders that offer similar pleiotropic richness as that offered by the complex, endogenous hormones.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.