Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21706001›Full record

ArticleNature genetics2011

Increased methylation variation in epigenetic domains across cancer types.

Kasper Daniel Hansen, Winston Timp, Héctor Corrada Bravo, Sarven Sabunciyan, Benjamin Langmead, Oliver G McDonald, Bo Wen, Hao Wu, Yun Liu, Dinh Diep and 4 more

Open access · greenAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Nature genetics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 634 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
634citing papers in PubMed
47.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

634 citing papers in PubMed, 1,088 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. metileneNature communications · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Epigenetic Instability-Based Metrics in Cell-Free DNA for Early Cancer Detection.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. BenchmarkingInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

574 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Kasper Daniel HansenDepartment of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Winston Timp
Héctor Corrada Bravo
Sarven Sabunciyan
Benjamin Langmead
Oliver G McDonald
Bo Wen
Hao Wu
Yun Liu
Dinh Diep
Eirikur Briem
Kun Zhang
Rafael A Irizarry
Andrew P Feinberg
Johns Hopkins University · USJohns Hopkins Medicine · USEmory University · USUniversity of Maryland, College Park · US

Funding

Minority Action PlanP50HG003233 · NHGRI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI FEINBERG, ANDREW P. · 2004 to 2013
$22.4M
MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY OF WILMS TUMOR RELATED GENES 11PR01CA054358 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI ANDREW P. FEINBERG · 1991 to 2026
$5.5M
Preprocessing and Analysis Tools for High-Throughput TechnologiesR01GM083084 · NIGMS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI IRIZARRY, RAFAEL ANGEL · 2007 to 2018
$4.4M
BWS and Embryonal Tumor Suppressor Genes on 11p15R37CA054358 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI FEINBERG, ANDREW P. · 2001 to 2009
$4.0M
Overcoming bias and unwanted variability in next generation sequencingR01HG005220 · NHGRI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI IRIZARRY, RAFAEL ANGEL · 2010 to 2018
$3.6M
Genome-scale anaylsis of DNA methylation in CpG Islands with bisulfite sequencingR01DA025779 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI SHI, HUIDONG, ZHANG, KUN · 2008 to 2011
$2.3M
Alignment Software for Second-Generation SequencingR01HG006102 · NHGRI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI SALZBERG, STEVEN L. · 2011 to 2014
$2.2M
Molecular Dissection of Colorectal CanceR: Effects of Loss of Imprinting of IGF2F32CA138111 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI TIMP, WINSTON GEORGE · 2010 to 2012
$108k
NCI NIH HHS F32 CA138111NCI NIH HHS F32CA138111NCI NIH HHS R01 CA054358NCI NIH HHS R37 CA054358NCI NIH HHS R37CA054358NHGRI NIH HHS 5P50HG003233NHGRI NIH HHS P50 HG003233NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG005220NHGRI NIH HHS R01HG005220NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG006102NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA025779NIDA NIH HHS R01DA025779NIGMS NIH HHS 5R01GM083084NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM083084
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tumor heterogeneity is a major barrier to effective cancer diagnosis and treatment. We recently identified cancer-specific differentially DNA-methylated regions (cDMRs) in colon cancer, which also distinguish normal tissue types from each other, suggesting that these cDMRs might be generalized across cancer types. Here we show stochastic methylation variation of the same cDMRs, distinguishing cancer from normal tissue, in colon, lung, breast, thyroid and Wilms' tumors, with intermediate variation in adenomas. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing shows these variable cDMRs are related to loss of sharply delimited methylation boundaries at CpG islands. Furthermore, we find hypomethylation of discrete blocks encompassing half the genome, with extreme gene expression variability. Genes associated with the cDMRs and large blocks are involved in mitosis and matrix remodeling, respectively. We suggest a model for cancer involving loss of epigenetic stability of well-defined genomic domains that underlies increased methylation variability in cancer that may contribute to tumor heterogeneity.

Indexed as

DNA MethylationEpigenomicsGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticBiomarkers, TumorCpG IslandsDNA, NeoplasmGene Expression ProfilingGenetic VariationHumansNeoplasmsOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisPromoter Regions, GeneticSulfitesBiomarkers, TumorDNA, Neoplasmhydrogen sulfiteSulfites

Identifiers

PMID21706001
PMCPMC3145050
OpenAlexW2125154191

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.