ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2012
Targeted advertising, promotion, and price for menthol cigarettes in California high school neighborhoods.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Neighborhood Disparities in Point-of-Sale Tobacco Marketing.American journal of public health · 2015Pooled it
- A systematic review of store audit methods for assessing tobacco marketing and products at the point of sale.Tobacco control · 2014Pooled it
- Correlates and prevalence of menthol cigarette use among adults with serious mental illness.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2015Trial
- Objective and perceived neighborhood characteristics and tobacco use among young adults.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2014Trial
- Clinical trial recruitment of adult African American smokers from economically disadvantaged urban communities.Journal of ethnicity in substance abuseTrial
- Where are cigarettes cheaper? Area-level and store-type differences in price in US cities.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Perceptions of Somali American male young adults in Salt Lake City about social media marketing of e-cigarettes: a pilot study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of signage in preventing adolescents and young adults from accessing e-cigarettes in retail stores: a discrete-choice experiment.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Commercial Tobacco Retailers Need to Be Included in Research on Policies Restricting the Sale of Menthol Cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Black Smokers' Preferences for Features of a Smoking Cessation App: Qualitative Study.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
- Centering equity in flavored tobacco ban policies: Implications for tobacco control researchers.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Restricting Tobacco Retail Outlets Around Middle and High Schools as a Way to Reduce Tobacco Marketing Disparities: A Simulation Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Flavored Tobacco Product Use Among Young Adults by Race and Ethnicity: Evidence From the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2022Article
- Inequitable Distribution of FTP Marketing by Neighborhood Characteristics: Further Evidence for Targeted Marketing.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Filling the gaps in the research about second primary malignancies after bladder cancer: Focus on race and histology.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Longitudinal analysis of tobacco and vape retail density in California.Tobacco induced diseases · 2022Article
- Comparisons of Culturally Targeted Food and Beverage Advertisements in Caribbean-American Neighborhood and Non-Latinx White Neighborhood in New York City.Health equity · 2022Article
- A content analysis of website marketing for cooling flavored e-liquids in a sample of brick-and-mortar vape shops in the Greater Los Angeles area.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2022Article
- Adolescent E-cigarette Users at Highest Risk of Cigarette Smoking Intention.American journal of health behavior · 2021Article
- Neighborhood disadvantage and the sales of unhealthy products: alcohol, tobacco and unhealthy snack food.BMC public health · 2021Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo describe advertising, promotions, and pack prices for the leading brands of menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes near California high schools and to examine their associations with school and neighborhood demographics.
methodsIn stores (n = 407) within walking distance (0.8 km [1/2 mile]) of California high schools (n = 91), trained observers counted ads for menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes and collected data about promotions and prices for Newport and Marlboro, the leading brand in each category. Multilevel modeling examined the proportion of all cigarette advertising for any menthol brand, the proportion of stores with sales promotions, and the lowest advertised pack price in relation to store types and school/neighborhood demographics.
resultsFor each 10 percentage point increase in the proportion of Black students, the proportion of menthol advertising increased by 5.9 percentage points (e.g., from an average of 25.7%-31.6%), the odds of a Newport promotion were 50% higher (95% CI = 1.01, 2.22), and the cost of Newport was 12 cents lower (95% CI = -0.18, -0.06). By comparison, the odds of a promotion and the price for Marlboro, the leading brand of nonmenthol cigarettes, were unrelated to any school or neighborhood demographics.
conclusionsIn high school neighborhoods, targeted advertising exposes Blacks to more promotions and lower prices for the leading brand of menthol cigarettes. This evidence contradicts the manufacturer's claims that the availability of its promotions is not based on race/ethnicity. It also highlights the need for tobacco control policies that would limit disparities in exposure to retail marketing for cigarettes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.