ArticleNeurobiology of disease2011
Low dose dextromethorphan attenuates moderate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting NOX2 and reducing peripheral immune cells infiltration in the spinal cord.
Article in Neurobiology of disease, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low-Dose Dextromethorphan for the Treatment of Fibromyalgia Pain: Results from a Longitudinal, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial.Journal of pain research · 2021Trial
- Modulating glutamate neurotransmission inFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Repurposing Sigma-1 Receptor-Targeting Drugs for Therapeutic Advances in Neurodegenerative Disorders.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Sigma 1 Receptor and Its Pivotal Role in Neurological Disorders.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- Novel Mechanism, Drug Target and Therapy in Epilepsy.Neuroscience bulletin · 2024Article
- Anti-epileptic and Neuroprotective Effects of Ultra-low Dose NADPH Oxidase Inhibitor Dextromethorphan on Kainic Acid-induced Chronic Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Rats.Neuroscience bulletin · 2024Article
- Review of Alzheimer's disease drugs and their relationship with neuron-glia interaction.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2023Review
- Targeting Sigma Receptors for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Disorders.CNS drugs · 2023Review
- Safe and Efficient Sigma1 Ligand: A Potential Drug Candidate for Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Dextromethorphan improves locomotor activity and decreases brain oxidative stress and inflammation in an animal model of acute liver failure.Clinical and experimental hepatology · 2022Article
- Sigma receptors and neurological disorders.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2021Review
- Dextromethorphan Dampens Neonatal Astrocyte Activation and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced by Prenatal Exposure to Buprenorphine.Behavioural neurology · 2021Article
- Cholinergic System and Its Therapeutic Importance in Inflammation and Autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Microglial Nox2 Plays a Key Role in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- New insights in the mechanisms of impaired redox signaling and its interplay with inflammation and immunity in multiple sclerosis.Physiological research · 2020Review
- Progressive multiple sclerosis: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2019Review
- Glutamine antagonism attenuates physical and cognitive deficits in a model of MS.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2019Article
- Nox2-dependent Neuroinflammation in An EAE Model of Multiple Sclerosis.Translational neuroscience · 2019Article
- Oral Dextromethorphan for the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema: Results From a Phase I/II Clinical Study.Translational vision science & technology · 2018Article
- Dextromethorphan Attenuates NADPH Oxidase-Regulated Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β and NF-κB Activation and Reduces Nitric Oxide Production in Group A Streptococcal Infection.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Dextromethorphan (DM) is a dextrorotary morphinan and a widely used component of cough medicine. Relatively high doses of DM in combination with quinidine are used for the treatment of mood disorders for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, at lower doses, morphinans exert anti-inflammatory activities through the inhibition of NOX2-dependent superoxide production in activated microglia. Here we investigated the effects of high (10 mg/kg, i.p., "DM-10") and low (0.1 mg/kg, i.p., "DM-0.1") doses of DM on the development and progression of mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. We found no protection by high dose DM treatment. Interestingly, a minor late attenuation by low dose DM treatment was seen in severe EAE that was characterized by a chronic disease course and a massive spinal cord infiltration of CD45(+) cells including T-lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils. Furthermore, in a less severe form of EAE, where lower levels of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells, Iba1(+) microglia/macrophages and no significant infiltration of neutrophils were seen in the spinal cord, the treatment with DM-0.1 was remarkably more beneficial. The effect was the most significant at the peak of disease and was associated with an inhibition of NOX2 expression and a decrease in infiltration of monocytes and lymphocytes into the spinal cord. In addition, chronic treatment with low dose DM resulted in decreased demyelination and reduced axonal loss in the lumbar spinal cord. Our study is the first report to show that low dose DM is effective in treating EAE of moderate severity. Our findings reveal that low dose morphinan DM treatment may represent a new promising protective strategy for treating MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.