ArticleGastroenterology2011
Tests for serum levels of trefoil factor family proteins can improve gastric cancer screening.
Article in Gastroenterology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum markers and gastric cancer: an umbrella review.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Gastric Premalignant Conditions.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2025Guideline
- Pooled it
- Effect of Rebamipide on the Premalignant Progression of Chronic Gastritis: A Randomized Controlled Study.Clinical drug investigation · 2015Trial
- Hepatic origin of increased serum TFF3 in gastric cancer bearing subjects.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2026Article
- Early warning value of serum TFF3 combined with pepsinogen ratio for monitoring the progression of gastric precancerous lesions: a retrospective study.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Serum TFF2 as a more reliable biomarker for gastric cancer and early gastric cancer: a cross-sectional population-based study.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2025Article
- Methylated Reprimo Cell-Free DNA as a Non-Invasive Biomarker for Gastric Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Gastric Cancer Screening in the United States: A Review of Current Evidence, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies molecular biomarkers predicting late progression to CDK4/6 inhibition in patients with HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer.Molecular cancer · 2025Article
- Protein Biomarkers of Gastric Preneoplasia and Cancer Lesions in Blood: A Comprehensive Review.Cancers · 2024Review
- Trefoil factor 1 suppresses stemness and enhances chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Serum proteomic profiling of precancerous gastric lesions and early gastric cancer reveals signatures associated with systemic inflammatory response and metaplastic differentiation.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2024Article
- Liquid Biopsy: An Emerging Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Tool in Gastric Cancer.Journal of gastric cancer · 2024Review
- Identification of stromal cell-derived factor 4 as a liquid biopsy-based diagnostic marker in solid cancers.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Urinary Proteomics for Discovery of Gastric Cancer Biomarkers to Enable Precision Clinical Oncology.Omics : a journal of integrative biology · 2023Article
- Diagnostic utility of trefoil factor families for the early detection of lung cancer and their correlation with tissue expression.Oncology letters · 2023Article
- A Global Perspective on Gastric Cancer Screening: Which Concepts Are Feasible, and When?Cancers · 2023Review
- Mettl3 synergistically regulates TGF-β/SMAD2/3 to promote proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer.American journal of cancer research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsImproving methods for early detection of gastric cancer could reduce mortality. Measurements of serum pepsinogen levels have been used for screening in Japan without satisfactory levels of sensitivity or specificity. Trefoil factor family (TFF) proteins (TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3) are small and stable molecules secreted by the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. Foveolar hyperplasia, spasmolytic polypeptide (TFF2)-expressing metaplasia, and intestinal metaplasia are histologic changes observed in patients with atrophic gastritis; they express TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3, respectively. We investigated whether serum levels of TFF can be used as markers for gastric cancer screening.
methodsSerum was collected from 183 patients with gastric cancer and 280 healthy individuals without cancer. Serum levels of anti-Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G, pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and associated with gastric cancer.
resultsUsing a cutoff of 3.6 ng/mL, the level of TFF3 was significantly increased in serum samples from patients with cancer (odds ratio, 18.1; 95% confidence interval, 11.2-29.2); using this test, patients with cancer were identified with 80.9% sensitivity and 81.0% specificity. The test for TFF3 had a significantly higher odds ratio than that for pepsinogen. A test for the combination of TFF3 and pepsinogen had better results than the test for only pepsinogen.
conclusionsSerum levels of TFF3 are a better marker of gastric cancer than pepsinogen; a test for the combined levels of serum pepsinogen and TFF3 could improve gastric cancer screening.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.