ReviewCNS drugs2011
Long-term outcomes with medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: current status of knowledge.
Review in CNS drugs, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sweat it out? The effects of physical exercise on cognition and behavior in children and adults with ADHD: a systematic literature review.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2017Pooled it
- Resveratrol adjunct to methylphenidate improves symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Amphetamine Modestly Improves Conners' Continuous Performance Test Performance in Healthy Adults.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2018Trial
- Therapeutic Approaches for ADHD by Developmental Stage and Clinical Presentation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- The Mechanism, Clinical Efficacy, Safety, and Dosage Regimen of Atomoxetine for ADHD Therapy in Children: A Narrative Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
- Article
- Assessment of tolerance to the effects of methamphetamine on daytime and nighttime activity evaluated with actigraphy in rhesus monkeys.Psychopharmacology · 2017Article
- Sleep Problems in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Current Status of Knowledge and Appropriate Management.Current psychiatry reports · 2016Review
- From Clinical Application to Cognitive Enhancement: The Example of Methylphenidate.Current neuropharmacology · 2016Review
- Cardiovascular safety of stimulants in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide prospective cohort study.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2014Article
- Tipepidine in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a 4-week, open-label, preliminary study.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2014Article
- Article
- Does childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder predict risk-taking and medical illnesses in adulthood?Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2013Article
- Long-term neurocognitive effects of methylphenidate in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, even at drug-free status.BMC psychiatry · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedDosage error in article text
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common neurobehavioural disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, is a chronic disorder and often persists into adulthood. CNS stimulants have been the most well known treatment for ADHD for several decades due to their high effectiveness, good safety profiles and relatively minor adverse effects. Non-stimulant agents, including atomoxetine, extended-release guanfacine and extended-release clonidine (US FDA approved), and several non-FDA-approved agents, such as bupropion and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), were recently proven to be effective alternatives to the stimulants in several open-label and placebo-controlled trials. However, most medication trials for ADHD have been short term and thus have not provided information on the long-term outcomes of ADHD treatment. Since the medical treatment of many children with ADHD, especially those with more severe symptoms or co-morbid disorders, has to be continued for several years, recent studies have shifted their focus from the acute effectiveness of stimulants or non-stimulant drugs to the long-term outcomes of medications for ADHD. Evidence has shown that stimulants, along with the non-stimulants atomoxetine and extended-release guanfacine, are continuously effective for 24-month treatment periods with few and tolerable adverse effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.