ArticleBMC research notes2011
Effective implementation of research into practice: an overview of systematic reviews of the health literature.
Article in BMC research notes, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of the chronic care model for adults with type 2 diabetes in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Research utilisation in clinical practice: the experience of nurses and midwives working in public hospitals.Reproductive health · 2021Pooled it
- Delivering genomic medicine in the United Kingdom National Health Service: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2019Pooled it
- Implementation strategies for health systems in low-income countries: an overview of systematic reviews.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Effectiveness of chronic care models for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2017Pooled it
- Effectiveness of multifaceted implementation strategies for the implementation of back and neck pain guidelines in health care: a systematic review.Implementation science : IS · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Does the engagement of clinicians and organisations in research improve healthcare performance: a three-stage review.BMJ open · 2015Pooled it
- Knowledge translation and implementation in spinal cord injury: a systematic review.Spinal cord · 2014Pooled it
- A systematic review of barriers to and facilitators of the use of evidence by policymakers.BMC health services research · 2014Pooled it
- Strategies to improve adverse drug reaction reporting: a critical and systematic review.Drug safety · 2013Pooled it
- Political and institutional influences on the use of evidence in public health policy. A systematic review.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- A systematic review of the effectiveness of knowledge translation interventions for chronic noncancer pain management.Pain research & managementPooled it
- Effectiveness of a multifaceted implementation strategy for improving adherence to the guideline for prevention of mental ill-health among school personnel in Sweden: a cluster randomized trial.Implementation science : IS · 2022Trial
- Role models in a preventive program for hand eczema among healthcare workers: a qualitative exploration of their main tasks and associated barriers and facilitators.BMC dermatology · 2015Trial
- Improving the implementation of perioperative safety guidelines using a multifaceted intervention approach: protocol of the IMPROVE study, a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial.Implementation science : IS · 2015Trial
- Clinician-led improvement in cancer care (CLICC)--testing a multifaceted implementation strategy to increase evidence-based prostate cancer care: phased randomised controlled trial--study protocol.Implementation science : IS · 2014Trial
- Effectiveness of a multifaceted implementation strategy on physicians' referral behavior to an evidence-based psychosocial intervention in dementia: a cluster randomized controlled trial.BMC family practice · 2013Trial
- From evidence to practice: factors influencing the implementation of cord blood treatment for cerebral palsy in the United States.Stem cells translational medicine · 2026Article
- Pharmacists' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward CGRP Inhibitors in Migraine Management: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe gap between research findings and clinical practice is well documented and a range of interventions has been developed to increase the implementation of research into clinical practice.
findingsA review of systematic reviews of the effectiveness of interventions designed to increase the use of research in clinical practice. A search for relevant systematic reviews was conducted of Medline and the Cochrane Database of Reviews 1998-2009. 13 systematic reviews containing 313 primary studies were included. Four strategy types are identified: audit and feedback; computerised decision support; opinion leaders; and multifaceted interventions. Nine of the reviews reported on multifaceted interventions. This review highlights the small effects of single interventions such as audit and feedback, computerised decision support and opinion leaders. Systematic reviews of multifaceted interventions claim an improvement in effectiveness over single interventions, with effect sizes ranging from small to moderate. This review found that a number of published systematic reviews fail to state whether the recommended practice change is based on the best available research evidence.
conclusionsThis overview of systematic reviews updates the body of knowledge relating to the effectiveness of key mechanisms for improving clinical practice and service development. Multifaceted interventions are more likely to improve practice than single interventions such as audit and feedback. This review identified a small literature focusing explicitly on getting research evidence into clinical practice. It emphasizes the importance of ensuring that primary studies and systematic reviews are precise about the extent to which the reported interventions focus on changing practice based on research evidence (as opposed to other information codified in guidelines and education materials).
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.