ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2011
Malnutrition and gastrointestinal and respiratory infections in children: a public health problem.
Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 175 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
175 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 438 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global childhood diarrhoea prevalence and its determinants: a systematic meta-analytic assessment, 1985-2024.EBioMedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Prognostic value of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Quantifying the increased risk of illness in malnourished children: a global meta-analysis and propensity score matching approach.Global health research and policy · 2024Pooled it
- The prevalence of malnutrition among critically ill children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Diet Quality and Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection or COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Standard vs. Nutrient-Enriched Cow's Milk and Its Impacts on Child Growth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- A Rapid Advice Guideline for the Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Through Nutritional Intervention.Current nutrition reports · 2020Guideline
- Pooled it
- Morbidity, mortality, and long-term consequences associated with diarrhoea from Cryptosporidium infection in children younger than 5 years: a meta-analyses study.The Lancet. Global health · 2018Pooled it
- The impact of antibiotics on growth in children in low and middle income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2014Pooled it
- Effect of Nitazoxanide and Probiotic Treatment on Bangladeshi Children with Cryptosporidiosis.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Trial
- Provision of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements does not improve intestinal health among rural Malawian children.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Trial
- Oral Nutritional Supplementation Improves Growth in Children at Malnutrition Risk and with Picky Eating Behaviors.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Comparative effectiveness of two disparate policies on child health: experimental evidence from the Philippines.Health policy and planning · 2017Trial
- Effects of bovine colostrum on recurrent respiratory tract infections and diarrhea in children.Medicine · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Risk factors associated with recurrent diarrheal illnesses among children in Kabul, Afghanistan: a prospective cohort study.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Anthropometric indices of Gambian children after one or three annual rounds of mass drug administration with azithromycin for trachoma control.BMC public health · 2014Trial
- Trial
- Variations in the association between standalone and coexisting forms of undernutrition and common infectious morbidities among children in sub-Saharan Africa.Global health research and policy · 2026Article
115 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infectious disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, particularly in children. Increasing evidence suggests that protein-calorie malnutrition is the underlying reason for the increased susceptibility to infections observed in these areas. Moreover, certain infectious diseases also cause malnutrition, which can result in a vicious cycle. Malnutrition and bacterial gastrointestinal and respiratory infections represent a serious public health problem. The increased incidence and severity of infections in malnourished children is largely due to the deterioration of immune function; limited production and/or diminished functional capacity of all cellular components of the immune system have been reported in malnutrition. In this review, we analyze the cyclical relationship between malnutrition, immune response dysfunction, increased susceptibility to infectious disease, and metabolic responses that further alter nutritional status. The consequences of malnutrition are diverse and included: increased susceptibility to infection, impaired child development, increased mortality rate and individuals who come to function in suboptimal ways.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.