ArticleJournal of cell science2011
Streptolysin O clearance through sequestration into blebs that bud passively from the plasma membrane.
Article in Journal of cell science, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vav2 is a master regulator of repair against bacterial pore-forming toxins.Life science alliance · 2026Article
- The ALS- and FTD-associated proteins annexin A11 and CHMP2B act sequentially in plasma membrane repair.Developmental cell · 2026Article
- ExoSloNano: multimodal nanogold labels for identification of macromolecules in live cells and cryo-electron tomograms.Nature methods · 2026Article
- The fungal peptide toxin candidalysin induces distinct membrane repair mechanisms compared to bacterial pore-forming toxins.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Immune priming in the insect gut: a dynamic response revealed by ultrastructural and transcriptomic changes.BMC biology · 2025Article
- Epsilon Toxin fromToxins · 2024Article
- The epsilon toxin from Clostridium perfringens stimulates calcium-activated chloride channels, generating extracellular vesicles in Xenopus oocytes.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2024Article
- An unusual imaging presentation of pediatric bacterial meningoencephalitis: a case-report study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- JAK/STAT signaling regulated intestinal regeneration defends insect pests against pore-forming toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Early Endosomes Undergo Calcium-Triggered Exocytosis and Enable Repair of Diffuse and Focal Plasma Membrane Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Aminopeptidase MNP-1 triggers intestine protease production by activating daf-16 nuclear location to degrade pore-forming toxins in Caenorhabditis elegans.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Review
- Patch repair protects cells from the small pore-forming toxin aerolysin.Journal of cell science · 2023Article
- Role of calcium-sensor proteins in cell membrane repair.Bioscience reports · 2023Review
- Visualizing the Domino-Like Prepore-to-Pore Transition of Streptolysin O by High-Speed AFM.The Journal of membrane biology · 2023Article
- Article
- Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism and Function of Pore-Forming Toxins using Leishmania major.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2022Article
- Review
- Membrane Dynamics and Remodelling in Response to the Action of the Membrane-Damaging Pore-Forming Toxins.The Journal of membrane biology · 2022Review
- Probing the Mechanism of Action of Cry41Aa on HepG2 through the Establishment of a Resistant Subline.Toxins · 2022Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cells survive exposure to bacterial pore-forming toxins, such as streptolysin O (SLO), through mechanisms that remain unclear. Previous studies have suggested that these toxins are cleared by endocytosis. However, the experiments reported here failed to reveal any evidence for endocytosis of SLO, nor did they reveal any signs of damage to endosomal membranes predicted from such endocytosis. Instead, we illustrate that SLO induces a characteristic form of plasma membrane blebbing that allows cells to shed SLO by the process known as ectocytosis. Specifically, 'deep-etch' electron microscopy of cells exposed to SLO illustrates that the toxin is rapidly sequestered into domains in the plasmalemma greatly enriched in SLO pores, and these domains bleb outwards and bud from the cell surface into the medium. Such ectocytosis is even observed in cells that have been chemically fixed before exposure to SLO, suggesting that it is caused by a direct physical action of the toxin on the cell membrane, rather than by an active cellular reaction. We conclude, therefore, that ectocytosis is an important means for SLO clearance and hypothesize that this is a primary method by which cells defend themselves generally against pore-forming toxins.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.