ArticleNucleic acids research2011
Overlapping signals for translational regulation and packaging of influenza A virus segment 2.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Increased or decreased numbers of CpG dinucleotide motifs in the genome of influenza A virus do not affectJournal of virology · 2026Article
- High-throughput single-virion DNA-PAINT reveals structural diversity, cooperativity, and flexibility during selective packaging in influenza.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Proteomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins in A549 Cells Infected with H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Locations and structures of influenza A virus packaging-associated signals and other functional elements via an in silico pipeline for predicting constrained features in RNA viruses.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Review
- Sequential disruption of SPLASH-identified vRNA-vRNA interactions challenges their role in influenza A virus genome packaging.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- CpG dinucleotide enrichment in the influenza A virus genome as a live attenuated vaccine development strategy.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- A variant NS1 protein from H5N2 avian influenza virus suppresses PKR activation and promotes replication and virulence in mammals.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- New endemic and pandemic pathologies with interhuman airborne transmission through ear, nose and throat anatomical sites.Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale · 2022Article
- Accessory Gene Products of Influenza A Virus.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- MicroRNAs affect GPCR and Ion channel genes needed for influenza replication.The Journal of general virology · 2021Article
- Review
- G-Protein-Coupled Receptor and Ion Channel Genes Used by Influenza Virus for Replication.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Drug repositioning of Clopidogrel or Triamterene to inhibit influenza virus replication in vitro.PloS one · 2021Article
- Intra-genome variability in the dinucleotide composition of SARS-CoV-2.Virus evolution · 2020Article
- Article
- Translational Control in Virus-Infected Cells.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2019Review
- Conserved methionine 165 of matrix protein contributes to the nuclear import and is essential for influenza A virus replication.Virology journal · 2018Article
- Seasonal Genetic Drift of Human Influenza A Virus Quasispecies Revealed by Deep Sequencing.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza A virus segment 2 mRNA expresses three polypeptides: PB1, PB1-F2 and PB1-N40, from AUGs 1, 4 and 5 respectively. Two short open reading frames (sORFs) initiated by AUGs 2 and 3 are also present. To understand translational regulation in this system, we systematically mutated AUGs 1-4 and monitored polypeptide synthesis from plasmids and recombinant viruses. This identified sORF2 as a key regulatory element with opposing effects on PB1-F2 and PB1-N40 expression. We propose a model in which AUGs 1-4 are accessed by leaky ribosomal scanning, with sORF2 repressing synthesis of downstream PB1-F2. However, sORF2 also up-regulates PB1-N40 expression, most likely by a reinitiation mechanism that permits skipping of AUG4. Surprisingly, we also found that in contrast to plasmid-driven expression, viruses with improved AUG1 initiation contexts produced less PB1 in infected cells and replicated poorly, producing virions with elevated particle:PFU ratios. Analysis of the genome content of virus particles showed reduced packaging of the mutant segment 2 vRNAs. Overall, we conclude that segment 2 mRNA translation is regulated by a combination of leaky ribosomal scanning and reinitiation, and that the sequences surrounding the PB1 AUG codon are multifunctional, containing overlapping signals for translation initiation and for segment-specific packaging.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.