Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21690365›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011

Evolution of cyclic peptide protease inhibitors.

Travis S Young, Douglas D Young, Insha Ahmad, John M Louis, Stephen J Benkovic, Peter G Schultz

Open access · bronzeAbstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
61citing papers in PubMed
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

61 citing papers in PubMed, 128 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Phage-Assisted Continuous Selection of Bioactive Cyclic Peptides.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Synthesis at the Interface of Chemistry and Biology.Accounts of chemical research · 2024
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. A Review: The Antiviral Activity of Cyclic Peptides.International journal of peptide research and therapeutics · 2023
    Review
  14. Leveraging the therapeutic, biological, and self-assembling potential of peptides for the treatment of viral infections.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2022
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Approaches for peptide and protein cyclisation.Organic & biomolecular chemistry · 2021
    Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review

1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Travis S YoungDepartment of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Douglas D Young
Insha Ahmad
John M Louis
Stephen J Benkovic
Peter G Schultz
Scripps Research Institute · USNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases · USPennsylvania State University · US

Funding

IN VIVO INCORPORATION OF UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDSR01GM062159 · NIGMS · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI SCHULTZ, PETER G · 2001 to 2022
$8.2M
Development of Novel Immunoconjugates for Application in Cancer TherapeuticsF32CA144213 · NCI · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI YOUNG, DOUGLAS DEAN · 2009 to 2010
$86k
Intramural NIH HHS Z99 DK999999NCI NIH HHS F32 CA144213NCI NIH HHS F32CA144213NIGMS NIH HHS 5R01GM062159NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM062159
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We report a bacterial system for the evolution of cyclic peptides that makes use of an expanded set of amino acid building blocks. Orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA(CUA) pairs, together with a split intein system were used to biosynthesize a library of ribosomal peptides containing amino acids with unique structures and reactivities. This peptide library was subsequently used to evolve an inhibitor of HIV protease using a selection based on cellular viability. Two of three cyclic peptides isolated after two rounds of selection contained the keto amino acid p-benzoylphenylalanine (pBzF). The most potent peptide (G12: GIXVSL; X=pBzF) inhibited HIV protease through the formation of a covalent Schiff base adduct of the pBzF residue with the ε-amino group of Lys 14 on the protease. This result suggests that an expanded genetic code can confer an evolutionary advantage in response to selective pressure. Moreover, the combination of natural evolutionary processes with chemically biased building blocks provides another strategy for the generation of biologically active peptides using microbial systems.

Indexed as

Amino AcidsBase SequenceDirected Molecular EvolutionDNA PrimersEscherichia coliHIV Protease InhibitorsPeptide LibraryPeptides, CyclicProtease InhibitorsAmino AcidsDNA PrimersHIV Protease InhibitorsPeptide LibraryPeptides, CyclicProtease Inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID21690365
PMCPMC3131355
OpenAlexW1993723276

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.