ArticlePloS one2011
Anti-inflammatory cytokines predominate in acute human Plasmodium knowlesi infections.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of MIP-1α and MIP-1β Chemokines in Malaria in Relation to Disease Severity.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of blood level of MCP-1/CCL-2 in severe and uncomplicated malaria.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Elevation of serum interleukin-1β levels as a potential indicator for malarial infection and severe malaria: a meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence of severe Plasmodium knowlesi infection and risk factors related to severe complications compared with non-severe P. knowlesi and severe P. falciparum malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2020Pooled it
- Comparative immunological study of Plasmodium knowlesi infections in humans and macaques: insights into cytokine dynamics.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Neutrophil activation, acute lung injury and disease severity in Plasmodium knowlesi malaria.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Repeat controlled human Plasmodium falciparum infections delay bloodstream patency and reduce symptoms.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Relation between Increased IL-10 Levels and Malaria Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Review
- The Emerging Threat ofInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Experimental Models to Study the Pathogenesis of Malaria-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Zoonotic Malaria: Non-Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Knowlesi malaria: Human risk factors, clinical spectrum, and pathophysiology.Advances in parasitology · 2021Article
- Article
- Age-Related Clinical Spectrum of Plasmodium knowlesi Malaria and Predictors of Severity.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Article
- TCRβ-expressing macrophages induced by a pathogenic murine malaria correlate with parasite burden and enhanced phagocytic activity.PloS one · 2018Article
- On the cytokine/chemokine network during Plasmodium vivax malaria: new insights to understand the disease.Malaria journal · 2017Article
- Plasma levels of Galectin-9 reflect disease severity in malaria infection.Malaria journal · 2016Article
- Ancient human sialic acid variant restricts an emerging zoonotic malaria parasite.Nature communications · 2016Article
- Excessive Pro-Inflammatory Serum Cytokine Concentrations in Virulent Canine Babesiosis.PloS one · 2016Article
- Alterations in cytokines and haematological parameters during the acute and convalescent phases of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Plasmodium knowlesi has entered the human population of Southeast Asia. Naturally acquired knowlesi malaria is newly described with relatively little available data, including data on the host response to infection. Therefore pre-treatment cytokine and chemokine profiles were determined for 94 P. knowlesi, and for comparison, 20, P. vivax and 22 P. falciparum, patients recruited in Malaysian Borneo. Nine, five and one patient with P. knowlesi, P. falciparum and P. vivax respectively had complicated malaria as defined by World Health Organisation. Patients with uncomplicated P. knowlesi had lower levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNFα than those with complicated disease (both p<0.05, Dunn's post test, DPT). The anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ra and IL-10 were detected in all patients in the study. IL-1ra, the most abundant cytokine measured, correlated with parasitaemia in P. knowlesi (r(s) = 0.47, p = <0.0001), P. vivax (r(s) = 0.61, p = 0.0042) and P. falciparum (r(s) = 0.57,p = 0.0054) malaria. IL-10 correlated with parasitaemia in both P. knowlesi (r(s) = 0.54, p = <0.0001) and P. vivax (r(s) = 0.78, p = <0.0001) infections. There were between group differences in soluble markers of macrophage activation (MIP-1β and MCP-1). P. knowlesi patients had significantly lower levels of MIP-1β than P. falciparum (DPT, p = <0.01). Uncomplicated P. knowlesi patients had significantly lower levels of MCP-1 than uncomplicated P. falciparum patients (DPT, p = <0.001). There was no significant difference between complicated and uncomplicated P. knowlesi infections. MCP-1, MIP-1β, IL-8 and TNFα increased in complicated P. knowlesi but decreased in complicated P. falciparum infections. Descriptions of human knowlesi malaria provide a comparative means to discover mediators of pathophysiology in severe P. knowlesi as well as P. falciparum malaria. Crucially, P. knowlesi may be the disease and experimental primate model for severe malaria.
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