ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2011
Vaccines for gonorrhea: can we rise to the challenge?
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunization against a saccharide epitope accelerates clearance of experimental gonococcal infection.PLoS pathogens · 2013Trial
- Abolishing PorB-induced mitophagy enhances gonococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccine efficacy.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Investigation of Correlates of Protection Against Gonococcal Infection by Comparative Immunoprofiling of Responses in Experimental and Clinical Studies.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Comparable immunogenicity from murine blood collection methods in intranasal gonococcal vaccination with ACP and MtrE supports refinement of preclinical vaccine studies.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Gonococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccines: bacterial population biology, clinical trials, immune profiling, and vaccine design.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- Structure-based engineering of a nutrient acquisition protein enhances neutralizing antibodies and protection for the development of a gonococcal vaccine.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Contribution of the different Neisseria gonorrhoeae lipooligosaccharide structural variants to functional responses elicited by GMMA outer membrane vesicles.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Tackling immunosuppression by Neisseria gonorrhoeae to facilitate vaccine design.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Zap the clap with DNA: a novel microbicide for preventingAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Vaccine value profile for Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Vaccine · 2024Article
- Review
- Development of a Tag/Catcher-mediated capsid virus-like particle vaccine presenting the conservedInfection and immunity · 2023Article
- Th1-polarized MtrE-based gonococcal vaccines display prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Emerging threat of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: pathogenesis, treatment challenges, and potential for vaccine development.Archives of microbiology · 2023Review
- Gonococcal microparticle vaccine in dissolving microneedles induced immunity and enhanced bacterial clearance in infected mice.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Evidence of horizontal gene transfer withinMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- Mechanisms of host manipulation byFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Point Mutations in TbpA Abrogate Human Transferrin Binding in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Meningococcal Detoxified Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccines Enhance Gonococcal Clearance in a Murine Infection Model.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Recent Progress Towards a Gonococcal Vaccine.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune responses to the gonococcus after natural infection ordinarily result in little immunity to reinfection, due to antigenic variation of the gonococcus, and redirection or suppression of immune responses. Brinton and colleagues demonstrated that parenteral immunization of male human volunteers with a purified pilus vaccine gave partial protection against infection by the homologous strain. However, the vaccine failed in a clinical trial. Recent vaccine development efforts have focused on the female mouse model of genital gonococcal infection. Here we discuss the state of the field, including our unpublished data regarding efficacy in the mouse model of either viral replicon particle (VRP) vaccines, or outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines. The OMV vaccines failed, despite excellent serum and mucosal antibody responses. Protection after a regimen consisting of a PorB-VRP prime plus recombinant PorB boost was correlated with apparent Th1, but not with antibody, responses. Protection probably was due to powerful adjuvant effects of the VRP vector. New tools including novel transgenic mice expressing human genes required for gonococcal infection should enable future research. Surrogates for immunity are needed. Increasing antimicrobial resistance trends among gonococci makes development of a vaccine more urgent.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.