Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21687425›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2011

Francisella-arthropod vector interaction and its role in patho-adaptation to infect mammals.

Christine Akimana, Yousef Abu Kwaik

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. First molecular detection ofVeterinary and animal science · 2025
    Article
  2. Journal of bacteriology · 2025
    Article
  3. Host-pathogen interactions involved in erythrocyte invasion byFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Innate Immune Recognition: An Issue More Complex Than Expected.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019
    Review
  10. Population Genomics ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. F. novicida-Infected A. castellanii Does Not Enhance Bacterial Virulence in Mice.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2016
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Christine AkimanaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Louisville Louisville, KY, USA.
Yousef Abu Kwaik
University of Louisville · US

Funding

Modulation of apoptosis by Legionella PneumophilaR01AI069321 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE · PI ABU KWAIK, YOUSEF A · 2007 to 2011
$1.8M
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis of Legionella PneumophilaR01AI043965 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE · PI ABU KWAIK, YOUSEF A · 2000 to 2004
$1.3M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI043965NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI069321
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative, intracellular, zoonotic bacterium, and is the causative agent of tularemia with a broad host range. Arthropods such as ticks, mosquitoes, and flies maintain F. tularensis in nature by transmitting the bacteria among small mammals. While the tick is largely believed to be a biological vector of F. tularensis, transmission by mosquitoes and flies is largely believed to be mechanical on the mouthpart through interrupted feedings. However, the mechanism of infection of the vectors by F. tularensis is not well understood. Since F. tularensis has not been localized in the salivary gland of the primary human biting ticks, it is thought that bacterial transmission by ticks is through mechanical inoculation of tick feces containing F. tularensis into the skin wound. Drosophila melanogaster is an established good arthropod model for arthropod vectors of tularemia, where F. tularensis infects hemocytes, and is found in hemolymph, as seen in ticks. In addition, phagosome biogenesis and robust intracellular proliferation of F. tularensis in arthropod-derived cells are similar to that in mammalian macrophages. Furthermore, bacterial factors required for infectivity of mammals are often required for infectivity of the fly by F. tularensis. Several host factors that contribute to F. tularensis intracellular pathogenesis in D. melanogaster have been identified, and F. tularensis targets some of the evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic processes to enable intracellular survival and proliferation in evolutionarily distant hosts.

Indexed as

arthropodDrosophilaF. tularensistularemiavectorvirulence factor

Identifiers

PMID21687425
PMCPMC3109307
OpenAlexW2118435687

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.