ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2011
Increased levels of circulating interleukin 6, interleukin 8, C-reactive protein, and risk of lung cancer.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 206 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
206 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 328 citations in OpenAlex.
- Level of IL-6, TNF, and IL-1β and age-related diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Prognostic role of C-reactive protein in patients with endometrial cancer: a meta-analysis.Biomarkers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Prognostic role of C-reactive protein in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A meta-analysis and literature review.Medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Interleukin-6-174G>C gene promoter polymorphism and prognosis in patients with cancer.Oncotarget · 2017Pooled it
- Correlations Between Serum IL-6 Levels and Radiation Pneumonitis in Lung Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2016Pooled it
- Plasma C-reactive protein and risk of breast cancer in two prospective studies and a meta-analysis.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2015Pooled it
- Interleukin-6 -634C/G polymorphism is associated with lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Inflammatory and Insulinemic Dietary Patterns: Influence on Circulating Biomarkers and Prostate Cancer Risk.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Association between C-reactive protein, incident liver cancer, and chronic liver disease mortality in the Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trials: a nested case-control study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2015Trial
- Prognostic impact of circulating monocytes and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio on previously untreated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving platinum-based doublet.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2014Trial
- Circulating pro-surfactant protein B as a risk biomarker for lung cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2013Trial
- Association between prediagnostic biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial function and cancer risk: a nested case-control study.American journal of epidemiology · 2013Trial
- Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and risk of lung cancer.PloS one · 2012Trial
- Article
- Discovery of CDK8/19 inhibitors as lead compounds for IL-6-dependent lymphoma enabled by the formal synthesis of cortistatin A.Science advances · 2026Article
- Circulating Biomarkers in Cardio-Oncology: Prediction and Prognostication.Current cardiology reports · 2026Review
- Mendelian randomization analysis of inflammatory proteins and lung adenocarcinoma risk.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Interleukin-8 in health and disease.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
146 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies that were based primarily on small numbers of patients suggested that certain circulating proinflammatory cytokines may be associated with lung cancer; however, large independent studies are lacking.
methodsAssociations between serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) levels and lung cancer were analyzed among 270 case patients and 296 control subjects participating in the National Cancer Institute-Maryland (NCI-MD) case-control study. Results were validated in 532 case patients and 595 control subjects in a nested case-control study within the prospective Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Association with C-reactive protein (CRP), a systemic inflammation biomarker, was also analyzed. Associations between biomarkers and lung cancer were estimated using logistic regression models adjusted for smoking, stage, histology, age, and sex. The 10-year standardized absolute risks of lung cancer were estimated using a weighted Cox regression model.
resultsSerum IL-6 and IL-8 levels in the highest quartile were associated with lung cancer in the NCI-MD study (IL-6, odds ratio [OR] = 3.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.88 to 5.77; IL-8, OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.19 to 3.57) and with lung cancer risk in the PLCO study (IL-6, OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.04 to 2.10; IL-8, OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.10 to 2.24), compared with the lowest quartile. In the PLCO study, increased IL-6 levels were only associated with lung cancer diagnosed within 2 years of blood collection, whereas increased IL-8 levels were associated with lung cancer diagnosed more than 2 years after blood collection (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.13). The 10-year standardized absolute risks of lung cancer in the PLCO study were highest among current smokers with high IL-8 and CRP levels (absolute risk = 8.01%, 95% CI = 5.77% to 11.05%).
conclusionsAlthough increased levels of both serum IL-6 and IL-8 are associated with lung cancer, only IL-8 levels are associated with lung cancer risk several years before diagnosis. Combination of IL-8 and CRP are more robust biomarkers than either marker alone in predicting subsequent lung cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.