Trial reportInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2011
How reliable are tests for trachoma?--a latent class approach.
Trial report in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00221364 (Trachoma Elimination With Repeated Mass Azithromycin Treatments), which is not on this map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Trachoma Elimination With Repeated Mass Azithromycin Treatments
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibiotics for trachoma.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Community-level Association between Clinical Trachoma and Ocular Chlamydia Infection after MASS Azithromycin Distribution in a Mesoendemic Region of Niger.Ophthalmic epidemiology · 2019Trial
- Sensitivity and specificity of computer vision classification of eyelid photographs for programmatic trachoma assessment.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Importance of including borderline cases in trachoma grader certification.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2014Trial
- Diagnostic characteristics of tests for ocular Chlamydia after mass azithromycin distributions.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2012Trial
- Community risk factors for ocular Chlamydia infection in Niger: pre-treatment results from a cluster-randomized trachoma trial.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2012Trial
- Comparison of Methods for Assessing Chlamydia trachomatis Transmission Intensity: A Systematic Review.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2026Article
- Dynamics of trachoma infection in West Africa revealed by a hidden state model.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness of adding measurement of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and serology to trachoma prevalence surveys in Tanzania and Mozambique.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Identifying Borderline Trachoma Grades Using a Three-Latent Class Model.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Validation of a New Duplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction forDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Trachoma risk factors in Oromia Region, Ethiopia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Comparison of Smartphone Photography, Single-Lens Reflex Photography, and Field-Grading for Trachoma.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
- Ocular Clinical Signs and Diagnostic Tests Most Compatible With Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca: A Latent Class Approach.Cornea · 2020Article
- Trachoma Prevalence After Discontinuation of Mass Azithromycin Distribution.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Insights from mathematical modelling and quantitative analysis on the proposed 2030 goals for trachoma.Gates open research · 2019Article
- Optimising sampling regimes and data collection to inform surveillance for trachoma control.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Article
- Prevalence ofThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2018Article
- Elimination of trachoma as a public health problem in Ghana: Providing evidence through a pre-validation survey.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTests for ocular Chlamydia trachomatis have not been well characterized, because there is no gold standard test. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of laboratory and clinical tests for trachoma in the absence of a gold standard.
methodsIndividual data from pretreatment, hyperendemic areas in Ethiopia were used. A clustered LCA was performed for three diagnostic tests: PCR and WHO simplified criteria grades of follicular trachoma (TF) and intense trachomatous inflammation (TI).
resultsData from 2111 subjects in 40 villages were available. TF was estimated to be 87.3% (95% CI, 83.3-90.1) sensitive and 36.6% (95% CI, 23.6-40.3) specific; TI was estimated to be 53.6% (95% CI, 46.1-88.0) sensitive and 88.3% (95% CI, 83.3-92.0) specific, and PCR was estimated to be 87.5% (95% CI, 79.9-97.2) sensitive and 100% (95% CI 69.3-100) specific.
conclusionsLCA allows for an estimate of test characteristics without prior assumption of their performance. TF and TI were found to act in a complementary manner: TF is a sensitive test and TI is a specific test. PCR is highly specific but lacks sensitivity. The performance of these tests may be due to the time course of ocular chlamydial infection, and for this reason, results may differ in areas of low prevalence or recent mass treatment (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00221364).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.