Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21685335›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011

Using positional distribution to identify splicing elements and predict pre-mRNA processing defects in human genes.

Kian Huat Lim, Luciana Ferraris, Madeleine E Filloux, Benjamin J Raphael, William G Fairbrother

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 159 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
159citing papers in PubMed
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

159 citing papers in PubMed, 283 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. RNA Splicing as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer.Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Alternative Splicing Regulation in Metabolic Disorders.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. ncRNA Editing: Functional Characterization and Computational Resources.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025
    Article
  14. Pre-mRNA Splicing Modulation by Antisense Oligonucleotides.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Case Report: Evaluation ofFrontiers in medicine · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

99 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Kian Huat LimDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
Luciana Ferraris
Madeleine E Filloux
Benjamin J Raphael
William G Fairbrother
Brown University · USComputational Physics (United States) · USProvidence College · US

Funding

Computational Approaches for Structural Variation Studies in GenomesR01HG005690 · NHGRI · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI RAPHAEL, BENJAMIN · 2011 to 2015
$2.4M
A Discovery Tool for Variations that Affect SplicingR01GM095612 · NIGMS · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI FAIRBROTHER, WILLIAM G · 2010 to 2014
$1.5M
NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG005690NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM095612
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We present an intuitive strategy for predicting the effect of sequence variation on splicing. In contrast to transcriptional elements, splicing elements appear to be strongly position dependent. We demonstrated that exonic binding of the normally intronic splicing factor, U2AF65, inhibits splicing. Reasoning that the positional distribution of a splicing element is a signature of its function, we developed a method for organizing all possible sequence motifs into clusters based on the genomic profile of their positional distribution around splice sites. Binding sites for serine/arginine rich (SR) proteins tended to be exonic whereas heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) recognition elements were mostly intronic. In addition to the known elements, novel motifs were returned and validated. This method was also predictive of splicing mutations. A mutation in a motif creates a new motif that sometimes has a similar distribution shape to the original motif and sometimes has a different distribution. We created an intraallelic distance measure to capture this property and found that mutations that created large intraallelic distances disrupted splicing in vivo whereas mutations with small distances did not alter splicing. Analyzing the dataset of human disease alleles revealed known splicing mutants to have high intraallelic distances and suggested that 22% of disease alleles that were originally classified as missense mutations may also affect splicing. This category together with mutations in the canonical splicing signals suggest that approximately one third of all disease-causing mutations alter pre-mRNA splicing.

Indexed as

AlgorithmsAllelesBase SequenceCluster AnalysisExonsGenetic VariationHumansMutationNuclear ProteinsRibonucleoproteinsRNA PrecursorsRNA SplicingSplicing Factor U2AFNuclear ProteinsRibonucleoproteinsRNA PrecursorsSplicing Factor U2AFU2AF2 protein, human

Identifiers

PMID21685335
PMCPMC3131313
OpenAlexW2082773579

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.