ArticleMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2011
Anti-Epstein-Barr virus antibodies as serological markers of multiple sclerosis: a prospective study among United States military personnel.
Article in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 194 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analysis of interaction between Epstein-Barr virus and HLA-DRB1*1501 on risk of multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2015Pooled it
- Risk factors associated with the onset of relapsing-remitting and primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.BioMed research international · 2015Pooled it
- Molecular mimicry between Anoctamin 2 and Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 associates with multiple sclerosis risk.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Trial
- No association of multiple sclerosis activity and progression with EBV or tobacco use in BENEFIT.Neurology · 2015Trial
- EBNA1Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Epstein-Barr Virus and Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanistic Insights into Virus-Driven Autoimmunity.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr virus receptors: classification, functional mechanisms, and pathogenic implications.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Why Is MS a More Frequent Complication of EBV Infection in Females?Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Transgenic mouse-derived human monoclonal antibodies targeting EBV gp350 and gp42 provide basis for therapeutic development.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- High EBV-reactive IgG levels in serum are linked to typical inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid features in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Epstein-Barr Virus in Multiple Sclerosis: Past, Present, and Future.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Intrathecally expanded GZMK+/GZMH+ CD8 T cells targeting EBV antigens may reduce severity of Multiple Sclerosis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Knowledge mapping of childhood infectious mononucleosis: a bibliometric analysis for the twenty-first century.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Research landmarks on the 60th anniversary of Epstein-Barr virus.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Review
- Multiple sclerosis: 2024 update.Free neuropathology · 2025Review
- Therapeutic challenges in central nervous system viral infections: advancing mesenchymal stem cell-based strategies for treating neuroinflammation and promoting tissue repair.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Emerging Insights into the Role of Macrophages in Multiple Sclerosis: Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Heightened Epstein-Barr virus immunity and potential cross-reactivities in multiple sclerosis.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Insights into the interplay between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and multiple sclerosis (MS): A state-of-the-art review and implications for vaccine development.Health science reports · 2024Article
- A Blood Test for the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundElevated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody titers are risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS), but the strength and consistency of this association are not well characterized.
objectivesThe objectives of this study were to determine whether this association is confounded by vitamin D or modified by gender or race, and the usefulness of EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) antibodies as a marker for MS.
methodsWe conducted a prospective study among US military personnel. Antibody titers against EBV antigens were measured in serum samples from 222 individuals who developed MS and 444 age, sex, and race/ethnicity matched controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate relative risks.
resultsMS risk increased with increasing titers of anti-EBNA complex (p < 10(-9)) and anti-EBNA-1 (p = 5.8 × 10(-9)) titers. MS risk was 36-fold higher among individuals with anti-EBNA complex IgG titers ≥320 than among those with titers <20 (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.6-136), and 8-fold higher among those with anti-EBNA-1 ≥320 than among those with anti-EBNA-1 <20 (95% CI 2.6-23). These associations were consistent across gender and race/ethnicity groups and independent from 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were 0.67 for EBNA complex and 0.65 for EBNA-1.
conclusionsSerum titers of pre-onset anti-EBNA antibodies are strong, robust markers of MS risk and could be useful in an MS risk score.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.