Trial reportBiomaterials2011
Infusion pressure and pain during microneedle injection into skin of human subjects.
Trial report in Biomaterials, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insulin syringe for anesthesia in ptosis surgery: a randomized, fellow eye-controlled clinical study.International ophthalmology · 2023Trial
- Comprehensive evaluation of microneedle-based intradermal adalimumab delivery vs. subcutaneous administration: results of a randomized controlled clinical trial.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Trial
- A crossover clinical study to evaluate pain intensity from microneedle insertion in different parts of the oral cavity.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2021Trial
- Intradermal insulin infusion achieves faster insulin action than subcutaneous infusion for 3-day wear.Drug delivery and translational research · 2015Trial
- Microneedle-based injection of Fungizone/Amphotericin B: an effective treatment for American cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice.Drug delivery · 2026Article
- Advancing intradermal vaccine delivery: Focus on hollow microneedles and skin models.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- From permeation enhancer to therapeutic enabler: Advances, applications, and translational perspectives in hyaluronidase-based drug delivery.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Polymeric Microneedles: Advancing Potential Through Innovative Manufacturing, Polymer Design, and Characterization Techniques.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Investigation of Vibration-Induced Transport of Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids in Porous Media Using Lattice Boltzmann Method.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Enhanced extraction of human interstitial fluid using microneedles and laser-induced fluid recruitment.iScience · 2025Article
- Biodegradable Microneedle for Enhanced Transdermal Drug Delivery: Trends and Techniques.Methods and protocols · 2025Review
- Efficacy of an Electronic Constant-Speed Injector in Reducing Pain of Local Anesthesia in a Scalp Procedure.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Hollow microneedles as a flexible dosing control solution for transdermal drug delivery.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Dissolving microneedles fabricated from 3D-printed master molds for application in veterinary medicine.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Advancements in vaccine delivery: harnessing 3D printing for microneedle patch technology.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Microneedle for Botulinum Toxin: A Randomized, Case-control, Single-blind Study to Assess Clinical Efficacy and Patient Satisfaction.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Using Oscillation to Improve the Insertion Depth and Consistency of Hollow Microneedles for Transdermal Insulin Delivery with Mechanistic Insights.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Hydrogel-Forming Microneedles and Applications in Interstitial Fluid Diagnostic Devices.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- Advances and Challenges of Microneedle Assisted Drug Delivery for Biomedicals Applications: A Review.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
- Microneedle System Coated with Hydrogels Containing Protoporphyrin IX for Potential Application in Pharmaceutical Technology.Methods and protocols · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Infusion into skin using hollow microneedles offers an attractive alternative to hypodermic needle injections. However, the fluid mechanics and pain associated with injection into skin using a microneedle have not been studied in detail before. Here, we report on the effect of microneedle insertion depth into skin, partial needle retraction, fluid infusion flow rate and the co-administration of hyaluronidase on infusion pressure during microneedle-based saline infusion, as well as on associated pain in human subjects. Infusion of up to a few hundred microliters of fluid required pressures of a few hundred mmHg, caused little to no pain, and showed weak dependence on infusion parameters. Infusion of larger volumes up to 1 mL required pressures up to a few thousand mmHg, but still usually caused little pain. In general, injection of larger volumes of fluid required larger pressures and application of larger pressures caused more pain, although other experimental parameters also played a significant role. Among the intradermal microneedle groups, microneedle length had little effect; microneedle retraction lowered infusion pressure but increased pain; lower flow rate reduced infusion pressure and kept pain low; and use of hyaluronidase also lowered infusion pressure and kept pain low. We conclude that microneedles offer a simple method to infuse fluid into the skin that can be carried out with little to no pain.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.