ArticleBiomaterials2011
The role of poly(ethylene glycol) brush architecture in complement activation on targeted microbubble surfaces.
Article in Biomaterials, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Xenon Encapsulation in Liposomes, Nanobubbles, and Microbubbles: Delivery Strategies, Preclinical Evidence, and Translational Barriers.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Review
- Frequency-Selective Microbubble TargetingACS applied bio materials · 2025Article
- Development of hemoglobin microbubbles for acoustic blood oxygen sensing: A study on PEGylation and gas core modification for in vivo applications.Acta biomaterialia · 2025Article
- Effect of Poly(ethylene glycol) Configuration on Microbubble Pharmacokinetics.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2024Article
- Targeted Microbubbles for Drug, Gene, and Cell Delivery in Therapy and Immunotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Aptamer-Functionalized Microbubbles Targeted to P-selectin for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of Murine Bowel Inflammation.Molecular imaging and biology · 2023Article
- Monodispersity Increases Adhesion Efficiency and Specificity for Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubbles.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2023Article
- Gemcitabine-loaded microbubble system for ultrasound imaging and therapy.Acta biomaterialia · 2021Article
- Molecular ultrasound imaging of neutrophil membrane-derived biomimetic microbubbles for quantitative evaluation of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.Theranostics · 2021Article
- Article
- Ultrasound Molecular Imaging: Principles and Applications in Cardiovascular Medicine.Current cardiology reports · 2019Review
- Ultrasound-mediated delivery of siESE complexed with microbubbles attenuates HER2+/- cell line proliferation and tumor growth in rodent models of breast cancer.Nanotheranostics · 2019Article
- Reverse engineering the ultrasound contrast agent.Advances in colloid and interface science · 2018Review
- Article
- Oxygen-Carrying Micro/Nanobubbles: Composition, Synthesis Techniques and Potential Prospects in Photo-Triggered Theranostics.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Circulating Magnetic Microbubbles for Localized Real-Time Control of Drug Delivery by Ultrasonography-Guided Magnetic Targeting and Ultrasound.Theranostics · 2018Article
- Hemodynamic Effects of Lipid-Based Oxygen Microbubbles via Rapid Intravenous Injection in Rodents.Pharmaceutical research · 2017Article
- Advances in ultrasound-targeted microbubble-mediated gene therapy for liver fibrosis.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2017Review
- Sequential HIFU heating and nanobubble encapsulation provide efficient drug penetration from stealth and temperature sensitive liposomes in colon cancer.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Complement fixation to surface-conjugated ligands plays a critical role in determining the fate of targeted colloidal particles after intravenous injection. In the present study, we examined the immunogenicity of targeted microbubbles with various surface architectures and ligand surface densities using a flow cytometry technique. Targeted microbubbles were generated using a post-labeling technique with a physiological targeting ligand, cyclic arginine-glycine-asparagine (RGD), attached to the distal end of the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) moieties on the microbubble surface. Microbubbles were incubated in human serum, washed and then mixed with fluorescent antibodies specific for various serum components. We found that complement C3/C3b was the main human serum factor to bind in vitro to the microbubble surface, compared to IgG or albumin. We also investigated the effect of PEG brush architecture on C3/C3b fixation to the microbubble surface. RGD peptide was able to trigger a complement immune response, and complement C3/C3b fixation depended on microbubble size and RGD peptide surface density. When the targeting ligand was attached to shorter PEG chains that were shielded by a PEG overbrush layer (buried-ligand architecture), significantly less complement activation was observed when compared to the more traditional exposed-ligand motif. The extent of this protective role by the PEG chains depended on the overbrush length. Taken together, our results confirm that the buried-ligand architecture may significantly reduce ligand-mediated immunogenicity. More generally, this study illustrates the use of flow cytometry and microbubbles to analyze the surface interactions between complex biological media and surface-engineered biomaterials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.