ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2011
Clinical, laboratory and radiologic characteristics of 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 pneumonia: primary influenza pneumonia versus concomitant/secondary bacterial pneumonia.
Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of the computed tomography findings in COVID-19 and other viral pneumonia in immunocompetent adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European radiology · 2020Pooled it
- The diagnostic accuracy of lung auscultation in adult patients with acute pulmonary pathologies: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- Can procalcitonin tests aid in identifying bacterial infections associated with influenza pneumonia? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2013Pooled it
- Influenza and Aging: Clinical Manifestations, Complications, and Treatment Approaches in Older Adults.Drugs & aging · 2025Review
- Severe Bacterial Superinfection of Influenza Pneumonia in Immunocompetent Young Patients: Case Reports.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Procalcitonin's Utility to Predict Concomitant Bacterial Pneumonia in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients.Journal of intensive care medicine · 2022Article
- Immunopathological similarities between COVID-19 and influenza: Investigating the consequences of Co-infection.Microbial pathogenesis · 2021Review
- Epidemic and pandemic viral infections: impact on tuberculosis and the lung: A consensus by the World Association for Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders (WAidid), Global Tuberculosis Network (GTN), and members of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Study Group for Mycobacterial Infections (ESGMYC).The European respiratory journal · 2020Review
- First case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in Taiwan.Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi · 2020Article
- Effects of influenza immunization on pneumonia in the elderly.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Review
- Impact of preceding flu-like illness on the serotype distribution of pneumococcal pneumonia.PloS one · 2014Article
- Diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia: current pitfalls and the way forward.Infection & chemotherapy · 2013Review
- Development of secondary bacterial pneumonia in adults presenting with influenzaTherapeutic advances in respiratory diseaseArticle
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough influenza virus usually involves the upper respiratory tract, pneumonia was seen more frequently with the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 than with seasonal influenza.
methodsFrom September 1, 2009, to January 31, 2010, a specialized clinic for patients (aged ≥15 years) with ILI was operated in Korea University Guro Hospital. RT-PCR assay was performed to diagnose 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1. A retrospective case-case-control study was performed to determine the predictive factors for influenza pneumonia and to discriminate concomitant/secondary bacterial pneumonia from primary influenza pneumonia during the 2009-2010 pandemic.
resultsDuring the study period, the proportions of fatal cases and pneumonia development were 0·12% and 1·59%, respectively. Patients with pneumonic influenza were less likely to have nasal symptoms and extra-pulmonary symptoms (myalgia, headache, and diarrhea) compared to patients with non-pneumonic influenza. Crackle was audible in just about half of the patients with pneumonic influenza (38·5% of patients with primary influenza pneumonia and 53·3% of patients with concomitant/secondary bacterial pneumonia). Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and lactate dehydrogenase were markedly increased in patients with influenza pneumonia. Furthermore, procalcitonin (cutoff value 0·35 ng/ml, sensitivity 81·8%, and specificity 66·7%) and CRP (cutoff value 86·5 mg/IU, sensitivity 81·8%, and specificity 59·3%) were discriminative between patients with concomitant/secondary bacterial pneumonia and patients with primary influenza pneumonia.
conclusionsConsidering the subtle manifestations of 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 pneumonia in the early stage, high clinical suspicion is required to detect this condition. Both procalcitonin and CRP would be helpful to differentiate primary influenza pneumonia from concomitant/secondary bacterial pneumonia.
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