ArticleEuropean journal of epidemiology2011
Obesity but not overweight is associated with increased mortality risk.
Article in European journal of epidemiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Obesity and mortality: are the risks declining? Evidence from multiple prospective studies in the United States.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2014Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Estimating the association and timing of occurrence between obesity and related comorbidity outcomes in a real-world setting: A cohort study in the United States.Clinical obesity · 2025Article
- The TOTAL trial for weight management participation: A randomized controlled trial protocol.Contemporary clinical trials · 2024Article
- Mortality risk relationship using standard categorized BMI or knee-height based BMI - does the overweight/lower mortality paradox hold true?Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Article
- Lifestyle Strategies for the Management of Obesity in Older Adults: From Controversies to Alternative Interventions.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Natural History of Obesity Due to POMC, PCSK1, and LEPR Deficiency and the Impact of Setmelanotide.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2022 · on this mapArticle
- Numbers and Mortality Risk of Hypertensive Patients with or without Elevated Body Mass Index in China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Developmental Origins of Cardiovascular Disease: Understanding High Mortality Rates in the American South.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Protocol and short-term results for a feasibility randomized controlled trial of a video intervention for Veterans with obesity: The TOTAL (Teaching Obesity Treatment Options to Adult Learners) pilot study.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2021Article
- Obesity and BMI Cut Points for Associated Comorbidities: Electronic Health Record Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Article
- The Impact of High-Fat Diet and Restrictive Feeding on Natural Killer Cells in Obese-Resistant BALB/c Mice.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
- US Obesity Mortality Trends and Associated Noncommunicable Diseases Contributing Conditions Among White, Black, and Hispanic Individuals by Age from 1999 to 2017.SN comprehensive clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Observational
- High-Fat Diet and Feeding Regime Impairs Number, Phenotype, and Cytotoxicity of Natural Killer Cells in C57BL/6 Mice.Frontiers in nutrition · 2020Article
- Obesity Paradox in Caucasian Seniors: Results of the PolSenior Study.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2019Article
- Obesity and healthy aging: social, functional and mental well-being among older Canadians.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2018Article
- Perspective on Diagnostic Criteria for Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in Korean Adults.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2018Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The association between body mass index (BMI) and survival has been described in various populations. However, the results remain controversial and information from low-prevalence Western countries is sparse. Our aim was to examine this association and its public health impact in Switzerland, a country with internationally low mortality rate and obesity prevalence. We included 9,853 men and women aged 25-74 years who participated in the Swiss MONICA (MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovscular disease) study (1983-1992) and could be followed up for survival until 2008 by using anonymous record linkage. Cox regression models were used to calculate mortality hazard ratios (HRs) and to estimate excess deaths. Independent variables were age, sex, survey wave, diet, physical activity, smoking, educational class. After adjustment for age and sex the association between BMI and all-cause mortality was J shaped (non-smokers) or U shaped (smokers). Compared to BMI 18.5-24.9, among those with BMI ≥ 30 (obesity) HR for all-cause mortality was 1.41 (95% confidence interval: 1.23-1.62), for cardiovascular disease (CVD) 2.05 (1.60-2.62), for cancer 1.29 (1.04-1.60). Further adjustment attenuated the obesity-mortality relationship but the associations remained statistically significant. No significant increase was found for overweight (BMI 25-29.9). Between 4 and 6.5% of all deaths, 8.8-13.7% of CVD deaths and 2.4-3.9% of cancer deaths could be attributed to obesity. Obesity, but not overweight was associated with excess mortality, mainly because of an increased risk of death from CVD and cancer. Public health interventions should focus on preventing normal- and overweight persons from becoming obese.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.