Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21680510›Full record

ArticleJournal of virology2011

Liposomal nanocontainers as models for viral infection: monitoring viral genomic RNA transfer through lipid membranes.

Gerhard Bilek, Nena M Matscheko, Angela Pickl-Herk, Victor U Weiss, Xavier Subirats, Ernst Kenndler, Dieter Blaas

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of virology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Open questions in enterovirus uncoating.Journal of virology · 2026
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  11. Viral entry pathways: the example of common cold viruses.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2016
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
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  15. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Gerhard BilekMax F. Perutz Laboratories, Dept. Med. Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Nena M Matscheko
Angela Pickl-Herk
Victor U Weiss
Xavier Subirats
Ernst Kenndler
Dieter Blaas
Medical University of Vienna · ATMax Perutz Labs · AT

Funding

Austrian Science Fund FWF P 18693Austrian Science Fund FWF P 20915
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

After uptake into target cells, many nonenveloped viruses undergo conformational changes in the low-pH environment of the endocytic compartment. This results in exposure of amphipathic viral peptides and/or hydrophobic protein domains that are inserted into and either disrupt or perforate the vesicular membranes. The viral nucleic acids thereby gain access to the cytosol and initiate replication. We here demonstrate the in vitro transfer of the single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome of human rhinovirus 2 into liposomes decorated with recombinant very-low-density lipoprotein receptor fragments. Membrane-attached virions were exposed to pH 5.4, mimicking the in vivo pH environment of late endosomes. This triggered the release of the RNA whose arrival in the liposomal lumen was detected via in situ cDNA synthesis by encapsulated reverse transcriptase. Subsequently, cDNA was PCR amplified. At a low ratio between virions and lipids, RNA transfer was positively correlated with virus concentration. However, membranes became leaky at higher virus concentrations, which resulted in decreased cDNA synthesis. In accordance with earlier in vivo data, the RNA passes through the lipid membrane without causing gross damage to vesicles at physiologically relevant virus concentrations.

Indexed as

LiposomesVirus InternalizationVirus UncoatingCell MembraneGenome, ViralHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationMembrane LipidsMicroscopy, Electron, TransmissionNanostructuresReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionRhinovirusRNA, ViralRNA Virus InfectionsLiposomesMembrane LipidsRNA, Viral

Identifiers

PMID21680510
PMCPMC3147984
OpenAlexW1988740820

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.