ArticleAmerican journal of ophthalmology2011
Risk factors for four-year incidence and progression of age-related macular degeneration: the los angeles latino eye study.
Article in American journal of ophthalmology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of arterial stiffness and eye disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Unveiling the non-linear synergistic effects of smoking and aging on cataract-AMD comorbidity: an explainable artificial intelligence approach.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence-driven diagnosis for age-related macular degeneration bridging pathology and engineering: a survey.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Advancing AMD screening with an offline, AI-powered smartphone-based fundus camera: A prospective, real-world clinical validation.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration among elderly in geriatric homes, East Cairo, Egypt.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Choroidal Control Technology: New Horizons in Maculopathy and Presbyopia.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- Five-Year Incidence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Its Risk Factors in Adult Chinese Population: The Tongren Health Care Study.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Recent Updates on the Diagnosis and Management of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes · 2024Article
- Immunogenetic and Environmental Factors in Age-Related Macular Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Effects of Uneventful Phacoemulsification on Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- Article
- The Need for Artificial Intelligence Based Risk Factor Analysis for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Review
- Article
- Age-related macular degeneration: Epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and targeted therapy.Genes & diseases · 2022Review
- Hypertension affects the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration.Acta ophthalmologica · 2021Article
- A Systematic Review of Carotenoids in the Management of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Untargeted metabolomics for uncovering plasma biological markers of wet age-related macular degeneration.Aging · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo identify risk factors for 4-year incidence and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in adult Latinos.
designPopulation-based prospective cohort study.
methodsParticipants, aged 40 or older, from The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study (LALES) underwent standardized comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations at baseline and at 4 years of follow-up. Age-related macular degeneration was detected by grading 30-degree stereoscopic fundus photographs using the modified Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression was used to examine the independent association of incidence and progression of AMD and baseline sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical, and ocular characteristics.
resultsMultivariate analyses revealed that older age (OR per decade of age: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.29, 1.85) and higher pulse pressure (OR per 10 mm Hg: 2.54; 95% CI: 1.36, 4.76) were independently associated with the incidence of any AMD. The same factors were associated with early AMD, soft indistinct drusen, and retinal pigmentary abnormalities. Additionally, presence of clinically diagnosed diabetes mellitus was independently associated with increased retinal pigment (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.85), and male gender was associated with retinal pigment epithelial depigmentation (OR 2.50; 95% CI: 1.48, 4.23). Older age (OR per decade of age: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.82, 2.67) and current smoking (OR: 2.85; 95% CI: 1.66, 4.90) were independently associated with progression of AMD.
conclusionsSeveral modifiable risk factors were associated with 4-year incidence and progression of AMD in Latinos. The results suggest that interventions aimed at reducing pulse pressure and promoting smoking cessation may reduce incidence and progression of AMD, respectively.
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