Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21677749›Full record

ReviewNature2011

Human nutrition, the gut microbiome and the immune system.

Andrew L Kau, Philip P Ahern, Nicholas W Griffin, Andrew L Goodman, Jeffrey I Gordon

4 registry-linked trialsAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nature, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,234 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,234citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04841668 completedstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Gut-Brain-axis: Targets for Improvement of Cognition in the Elderly

Ran2021Enrolled50Registered outcomes51Posted comparisons0ConditionsType 2 Diabetes MellitusArmsMetformin
Open the trial in the graph
NCT03569501 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2017, after this paper: background citation

Influence of DHA/Oat on Maternal and Neonatal Metabolic Health in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

TypeinterventionalSponsorXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineRan2017 to 2019Enrolled80ConditionsGestational Diabetes Mellitus in PregnancyArmsDHA, oat grains
NCT03889132 completednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Integrated Analysis of the Interactions Between Glycemia and Microbiota Composition, and Their Impact on Brain Iron Deposition and Cognition in Subjects With Obesity

TypeobservationalSponsorInstitut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep TruetaRan2019 to 2025Enrolled128ConditionsObesityArmsBariatric Surgery
NCT05345106 active not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Inter-relationships Among Iron Stores, the Gut Metagenome, Glucose Levels, and Different Cognitive Domains: the Role of Circulating MicroRNAs (IRONmiRNA Study).

TypeobservationalSponsorInstitut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep TruetaRan2022 to 2027Enrolled138ConditionsObesityArmsBariatric Surgery
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1,234 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Microbiome and well-being: a meta-analysis.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025
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  10. Digestion-resistant proteins support the healthy metabolite profiles associated with plant-based diets.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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1,174 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Andrew L KauCenter for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.
Philip P Ahern
Nicholas W Griffin
Andrew L Goodman
Jeffrey I Gordon

Funding

Trace the flow of genes in the gut microbiome of obese and lean twin pairsP01DK078669 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI GORDON, JEFFREY I · 2007 to 2018
$16.0M
REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION - SMALL INTESTINER01DK030292 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI JEFFREY I GORDON, ANDREI L OSTERMAN · 1986 to 2026
$6.5M
GUT MICROBIOTA AND OBESITY: STUDIES IN GNOTOBIOTIC MICER01DK070977 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI GORDON, JEFFREY I, HETTICH, ROBERT L. · 2005 to 2020
$6.3M
REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN THE SMALL INTESTINER37DK030292 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI GORDON, JEFFREY I · 1993 to 2015
$4.0M
NIDDK NIH HHS DK078669NIDDK NIH HHS DK30292NIDDK NIH HHS DK70977NIDDK NIH HHS P01 DK078669NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK030292NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK070977NIDDK NIH HHS R37 DK030292
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Marked changes in socio-economic status, cultural traditions, population growth and agriculture are affecting diets worldwide. Understanding how our diet and nutritional status influence the composition and dynamic operations of our gut microbial communities, and the innate and adaptive arms of our immune system, represents an area of scientific need, opportunity and challenge. The insights gleaned should help to address several pressing global health problems.

Indexed as

AnimalsDietGastrointestinal TractHumansImmune SystemMetagenomeMetagenomicsMilk, HumanNutritional Physiological PhenomenaObesity

Identifiers

PMID21677749
PMCPMC3298082

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.