Trial reportJournal of women's health (2002)2011
Smoking cessation program with exercise improves cardiovascular disease biomarkers in sedentary women.
Trial report in Journal of women's health (2002), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of exercise with nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation in adults: A systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Exercise interventions for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Combined pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Effect of Smoking on Blood Pressure and Resting Heart Rate: A Mendelian Randomization Meta-Analysis in the CARTA Consortium.Circulation. Cardiovascular genetics · 2015Pooled it
- Review
- Inflammation and the Heart: The Role of Traditional Factors.Cardiology research and practice · 2026Review
- Protecting the Heart in Motion: The Role of Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Preventing Sudden Cardiac Death.Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology · 2025Review
- Unraveling the link between cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer: a state-of-the-art review.GeroScience · 2024Review
- Tobacco Cessation Following Laryngeal Cancer Diagnosis Predicts Response to Treatment and Laryngectomy-Free Survival.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Article
- Meta-analysis of the effects of smoking and smoking cessation on triglyceride levels.Toxicology reports · 2023Article
- The influence of inflammation on cardiovascular disease in women.Frontiers in global women's health · 2022Review
- Article
- Inflammation and cardiovascular disease: From mechanisms to therapeutics.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2020Review
- Observational
- Exercise Self-Efficacy Moderates the Relation between Anxiety Sensitivity and Body Mass Index and Exercise Tolerance in Treatment-Seeking Smokers.Mental health and physical activity · 2016Article
- Sex differences in drug addiction and response to exercise intervention: From human to animal studies.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2016Review
- Women and Smoking: The Effect of Gender on the Epidemiology, Health Effects, and Cessation of Smoking.Current addiction reports · 2014Article
- The effect of quitting smoking on HDL-cholesterol - a review based on within-subject changes.Biomarker research · 2013Article
- A cross-sectional study on tobacco use and dependence among women: Does menthol matter?Tobacco induced diseases · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSeveral cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers sensitive to tobacco exposure have been identified, but how tobacco use cessation impacts them is less clear. We sought to investigate the effects of a smoking cessation program with an exercise intervention on CVD biomarkers in sedentary women.
methodsThis is a cohort study on a subsample of a 2×2 factorial randomized controlled trial (RCT) (exercise setting: home vs. facility; level of exercise counseling: prescription only vs. prescription and adherence counseling) conducted January 2004 through December 2007. The analyses were completed in October 2010. In the greater Boston area, 130 sedentary female smokers aged 19-55 completed a 15-week program. All participants received nicotine replacement therapy (transdermal patch) and brief behavioral counseling for 12 weeks. They all received an exercise prescription on a moderate intensity level. All exercise interventions lasted for 15 weeks, from 3 weeks precessation until 12 weeks postcessation. Main outcome measures were selected CVD biomarkers hypothesized to be affected by smoking cessation or exercise measured at baseline and 12 weeks postcessation.
resultsIndependent of tobacco abstinence, improvement was seen in inflammation (white blood cells [WBC]), prothrombotic factor (red blood cells [RBC]), and cardiovascular fitness level (maximum oxygen consumption [Vo(2)max]). This suggests that even if complete abstinence is not achieved, reduction in tobacco exposure and increase in exercise can improve the cardiovascular risk profile. A significant decrease was seen for total cholesterol and the total cholesterol high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C): ratio only among the abstainers. The heart rate was reduced among all participants, but this decrease was more profound among abstainers. A significant weight gain and body mass index (BMI) increase were observed among abstainers and those who relapsed. We also found an increase in hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c), although significant only when the groups were combined.
conclusionsA smoking cessation intervention including exercise reduced tobacco-induced cardiovascular damage selectively within 3 months.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.