ArticlePloS one2011
Activation of cytotoxic and regulatory functions of NK cells by Sindbis viral vectors.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Matrix metalloproteinase-guided targeting of vesicular stomatitis virus to tumors following systemic administration.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Overcoming Barriers to Clinical Translation: MG1 Maraba Virus as an Emerging Platform for Oncolytic Immunotherapy.Viruses · 2026Review
- Directed evolution generates an oncolytic Sindbis virus with enhanced tumor-killing capacity in osteosarcoma.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2025Article
- Interleukin-12 Delivery Strategies and Advances in Tumor Immunotherapy.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Oncolytic Activity of Sindbis Virus with the Help of GM-CSF in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Sindbis Virus Vaccine Platform: A Promising Oncolytic Virus-Mediated Approach for Ovarian Cancer Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Channeling the Natural Properties of Sindbis Alphavirus for Targeted Tumor Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Article
- Combination of a Sindbis-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Vaccine and αOX40 Antibody Elicits Protective Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 Induced Disease and Potentiates Long-Term SARS-CoV-2-Specific Humoral and T-Cell Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Sindbis Virus with Anti-OX40 Overcomes the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment of Low-Immunogenic Tumors.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2020Article
- Oncolytic Virus Encoding a Master Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin 12 in Cancer Immunotherapy.Cells · 2020Review
- Article
- Roles of natural killer cells in antiviral immunity.Current opinion in virology · 2016Review
- Emerging role of Natural killer cells in oncolytic virotherapy.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2015Review
- Maraba MG1 virus enhances natural killer cell function via conventional dendritic cells to reduce postoperative metastatic disease.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2014Article
- Sindbis viral vectors transiently deliver tumor-associated antigens to lymph nodes and elicit diversified antitumor CD8+ T-cell immunity.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2014Article
- Tumor-specific targeting with modified Sindbis viral vectors: evaluation with optical imaging and positron emission tomography in vivo.Molecular imaging and biology · 2013Article
- The role of natural killer cells in combinatorial anti-cancer therapy using Sindbis viral vectors and irinotecan.Cancer gene therapy · 2012Article
- Oncolytic virotherapy for ovarian cancer.Oncolytic virotherapy · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a relatively novel anti-cancer modality. Like other new cancer treatments, effective OV therapy will likely require combination with conventional treatments. In order to design combinatorial treatments that work well together, a greater scrutiny of the mechanisms behind the individual treatments is needed. Sindbis virus (SV) based vectors have previously been shown to target and kill tumors in xenograft, syngeneic, and spontaneous mouse models. However, the effect of SV treatment on the immune system has not yet been studied. Here we used a variety of methods, including FACS analysis, cytotoxicity assays, cell depletion, imaging of tumor growth, cytokine blockade, and survival experiments, to study how SV therapy affects Natural Killer (NK) cell function in SCID mice bearing human ovarian carcinoma tumors. Surprisingly, we found that SV anti-cancer efficacy is largely NK cell-dependent. Furthermore, the enhanced therapeutic effect previously observed from Sin/IL12 vectors, which carry the gene for interleukin 12, is also NK cell dependent, but works through a separate IFNγ-dependent mechanism, which also induces the activation of peritoneal macrophages. These results demonstrate the multimodular nature of SV therapy, and open up new possibilities for potential synergistic or additive combinatorial therapies with other treatments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.