ArticleBulletin of the World Health Organization2011
Socioeconomic inequalities in hospital births in China between 1988 and 2008.
Article in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of and reasons for women's, family members', and health professionals' preferences for cesarean section in China: A mixed-methods systematic review.PLoS medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Impact of financial and educational interventions on maternity care: results of cluster randomized trials in rural China, CHIMACA.Maternal and child health journal · 2013Trial
- Changes and Determinants of Maternal Health Services Utilization in Ethnic Minority Rural Areas in Central China, 1991-2015: An Ecological Systems Theory Perspective.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Association between the Burden of PMInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The causal effect of delivery volume on severe maternal morbidity: an instrumental variable analysis in Sichuan, China.BMJ global health · 2022Article
- Nomadic Tibetan women's reproductive health: findings from cross-sectional surveys with a hard-to-reach population.Reproductive health · 2021Article
- Population norms for the EQ-5D-3L in China derived from the 2013 National Health Services Survey.Journal of global health · 2021Article
- Influence of China's 2009 healthcare reform on the utilisation of continuum of care for maternal health services: evidence from two cross-sectional household surveys in Shaanxi Province.International journal for equity in health · 2020Article
- Equity in Essential Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Interventions in Northeastern China, 2008 to 2018.Frontiers in public health · 2020Article
- Changes in health-related quality of life of Chinese populations measured by the EQ-5D-3 L: a comparison of the 2008 and 2013 National Health Services Surveys.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2019Article
- Childbirth and Early Newborn Care Practices in 4 Provinces in China: A Comparison With WHO Recommendations.Global health, science and practice · 2018Article
- Maternal Health Behaviors and Outcomes in a Nomadic Tibetan Population.Maternal and child health journal · 2018Article
- Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services in China: A conversation between healthcare professionals and migrant women with HIV.International journal of healthcare management · 2018Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities of outpatient and inpatient service utilization in China: personal and regional perspectives.International journal for equity in health · 2017Article
- Progress and challenges in maternal health in western China: a Countdown to 2015 national case study.The Lancet. Global health · 2017Article
- National and subnational all-cause and cause-specific child mortality in China, 1996-2015: a systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals.The Lancet. Global health · 2017Article
- Maternal health care seeking by rural Tibetan women: characteristics of women delivering at a newly-constructed birth center in western China.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2015Article
- Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight of Children Among Employed Mothers in Pakistan.Maternal and child health journal · 2015Article
- Social inequalities in the utilization of maternal care in Bangladesh: Have they widened or narrowed in recent years?International journal for equity in health · 2014Article
- Reducing high maternal mortality rates in western China: a novel approach.Reproductive health matters · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess trends in hospital births in China during 1988-2008 in an effort to determine if efforts to overcome financial barriers to giving birth in hospital have reduced the access gap between the rich and the poor.
methodsCross-sectional data obtained from four National Health Service Surveys were used to determine trends in hospital births during 1988-2008. Crude and adjusted annual rates were calculated by means of Poisson regression and were used to define trends across socioeconomic regions and households in different income quintiles.
findingsIn 2008 women throughout China were giving birth in hospital almost universally except in region IV, the most remote rural region, where the percentage of hospital births was only 60.8. Hospital births in this region had increased steadily before 2002, but after that year the upward trend slowed down. During 1988-2001 the average yearly increase had been 21%, but in 2002-2008 it dropped to 10% (P = 0.0031). Inequalities between socioeconomic regions were greater than among individual households belonging to different income strata. By 2008 the difference between low- and high-income households in the proportion of hospital births had become very small (96.1% and 87.7% of high- and low-income households, respectively, gave birth in hospital that year).
conclusionMost Chinese women now give birth in hospital, but the poorest rural region is still lagging behind. A more active and comprehensive approach will be needed to increase hospital births in these remote, hard-to-reach populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.