ArticleMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2011
Immunological effects of low-dose cyclophosphamide in cancer patients treated with oncolytic adenovirus.
Article in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): An overview of current therapies and mechanisms of resistance.Pharmacological research · 2021Pooled it
- Clinical Application of Oncolytic Viruses: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Reshaping the tumor microenvironment of cold soft-tissue sarcomas with oncolytic viral therapy: a phase 2 trial of intratumoral JX-594 combined with avelumab and low-dose cyclophosphamide.Molecular cancer · 2024Trial
- Randomized phase 2 trial of intravenous oncolytic virus JX-594 combined with low-dose cyclophosphamide in patients with advanced soft-tissue sarcoma.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2022Trial
- Use of PD-1 Targeting, Macrophage Infiltration, and IDO Pathway Activation in Sarcomas: A Phase 2 Clinical Trial.JAMA oncology · 2018Trial
- Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide Induces Antitumor T-Cell Responses, which Associate with Survival in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2017Trial
- The impact of circulating suppressor cells in multiple myeloma patients on clinical outcome of DLIs.Bone marrow transplantation · 2015Trial
- Immunological data from cancer patients treated with Ad5/3-E2F-Δ24-GMCSF suggests utility for tumor immunotherapy.Oncotarget · 2015Trial
- Mucin 1-specific active cancer immunotherapy with tecemotide (L-BLP25) in patients with multiple myeloma: an exploratory study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Trial
- Oncolytic viruses: advanced strategies in cancer therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Oncolytic virus and immunogenic cell death in cancer therapy.Tumour virus research · 2025Review
- Efficacy, Safety and Predictive Biomarkers of Oncolytic Virus Therapy in Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy of Oncovirus-Induced Cancers: A Review on the Development and Efficacy of Targeted Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Advances in cancer immunotherapy: historical perspectives, current developments, and future directions.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Translation of oncolytic viruses in sarcoma.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2024Review
- Oncolytic virus and tumor-associated macrophage interactions in cancer immunotherapy.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Oncolytic Adenovirus for the Targeting of Paclitaxel-Resistant Breast Cancer Stem Cells.Viruses · 2024Article
- The investigation of oncolytic viruses in the field of cancer therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Anticancer Activity of Measles-Mumps-Rubella MMR Vaccine Viruses against Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2023Article
- Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with advanced solid tumors refractory to and progressing after conventional therapies were treated with three different regimens of low-dose cyclophosphamide (CP) in combination with oncolytic adenovirus. CP was given with oral metronomic dosing (50 mg/day, N = 21), intravenously (single 1,000 mg dose, N = 7) or both (N = 7). Virus was injected intratumorally. Controls (N = 8) received virus without CP. Treatments were well tolerated and safe regardless of schedule. Antibody formation and virus replication were not affected by CP. Metronomic CP (oral and oral + intravenous schedules) decreased regulatory T cells (T(regs)) without compromising induction of antitumor or antiviral T-cell responses. Oncolytic adenovirus given together with metronomic CP increased cytotoxic T cells and induced Th1 type immunity on a systemic level in most patients. All CP regimens resulted in higher rates of disease control than virus only (all P < 0.0001) and the best progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was seen in the oral + intravenous group. One year PFS and OS were 53 and 42% (P = 0.0016 and P < 0.02 versus virus only), respectively, both which are unusually high for chemotherapy refractory patients. We conclude that low-dose CP results in immunological effects appealing for oncolytic virotherapy. While these first-in-human data suggest good safety, intriguing efficacy and extended survival, the results should be confirmed in a randomized trial.
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