Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21673094›Full record

ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2011

A pilot study of bacterial genes with disrupted ORFs reveals a surprising profusion of protein sequence recoding mediated by ribosomal frameshifting and transcriptional realignment.

Virag Sharma, Andrew E Firth, Ivan Antonov, Olivier Fayet, John F Atkins, Mark Borodovsky, Pavel V Baranov

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Carbapenem-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
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  4. Nontriplet feature of genetic code inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
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  5. RNA biology · 2023
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  7. Review
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  13. Firmicutes-enriched ISBiotechnology for biofuels · 2018
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
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  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.

Virag SharmaDepartment of Biochemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Andrew E Firth
Ivan Antonov
Olivier Fayet
John F Atkins
Mark Borodovsky
Pavel V Baranov
University College Cork · IEGeorgia Institute of Technology · USThe Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering · USUniversité Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · FRUniversity of Cambridge · GBUniversity of Utah · US

Funding

PREDICTION OF GENE LOCATIONS USING STOCHASTIC MODELSR01HG000783 · NHGRI · GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI BORODOVSKY, MARK · 1993 to 2014
$4.7M
The range of recoding and analysis of a 50 nt bypass to probe ribosomal functionR01GM079523 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI ATKINS, JOHN F. · 2007 to 2010
$1.3M
NHGRI NIH HHS HG00783NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG000783NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM079523Wellcome Trust 088789
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacterial genome annotations contain a number of coding sequences (CDSs) that, in spite of reading frame disruptions, encode a single continuous polypeptide. Such disruptions have different origins: sequencing errors, frameshift, or stop codon mutations, as well as instances of utilization of nontriplet decoding. We have extracted over 1,000 CDSs with annotated disruptions and found that about 75% of them can be clustered into 64 groups based on sequence similarity. Analysis of the clusters revealed deep phylogenetic conservation of open reading frame organization as well as the presence of conserved sequence patterns that indicate likely utilization of the nonstandard decoding mechanisms: programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) and programmed transcriptional realignment (PTR). Further enrichment of these clusters with additional homologous nucleotide sequences revealed over 6,000 candidate genes utilizing PRF or PTR. Analysis of the patterns of conservation apparently associated with nontriplet decoding revealed the presence of both previously characterized frameshift-prone sequences and a few novel ones. Since the starting point of our analysis was a set of genes with already annotated disruptions, it is highly plausible that in this study, we have identified only a fraction of all bacterial genes that utilize PRF or PTR. In addition to the identification of a large number of recoded genes, a surprising observation is that nearly half of them are expressed via PTR-a mechanism that, in contrast to PRF, has not yet received substantial attention.

Indexed as

Genetic VariationSelection, GeneticCluster AnalysisComputational BiologyConserved SequenceFrameshifting, RibosomalGenes, BacterialOpen Reading FramesPhylogenyPilot ProjectsTranscription, Genetic

Identifiers

PMID21673094
PMCPMC3199440
OpenAlexW2104908438

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.