Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21671144›Full record

Trial reportJournal of neurology2012

Effects of low versus high frequencies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cognitive function and cortical excitability in Alzheimer's dementia.

Mohamed A Ahmed, Esam S Darwish, Eman M Khedr, Yasser M El Serogy, Anwer M Ali

4 registry-linked trialsAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of neurology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 147 papers, 28 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
147citing papers in PubMed, 28 pooled it
6.2field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00814697 phase2completednot on this map

Open-label, Exploratory Study of the Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Naming and Verbal Fluency in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease With Functional Imaging Correlates

TypeinterventionalSponsorThe New York Memory ServicesRan2008 to 2012Enrolled12ConditionsAlzheimer's Disease, Aphasia, DementiaArmsRepetitive Transcranial Magnetic Coil Stimulation (rTMS)
NCT01702948 completednot on this map

Understanding the Neurocircuitry of Nicotine Addiction Using Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)

TypeobservationalSponsorNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)Ran2012 to 2017Enrolled46ConditionsNicotine Dependence
NCT04482179 phase1completednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

A Phase II, Randomized, Blinded Study of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Constraint Induced Language Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Aphasia - Alzheimer Disease Sub-study

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of PennsylvaniaRan2020 to 2024Enrolled23ConditionsAlzheimer DiseaseArmsActive TMS, CILT, Sham TMS
NCT04866979 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

StimoLaMente - La Stimolazione Cerebrale Non Invasiva Applicata Alla Riabilitazione Della Malattia di Alzheimer/ StimoLaMente - Applying Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Alzheimer's Rehabilitation

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversità degli Studi di TrentoRan2021 to 2024Enrolled200ConditionsAlzheimer Disease, Mild Cognitive ImpairmentArmsExperimental: Continuous TBS (cTBS), Intermittent TBS (iTBS), Cognitive training (CT)., Sham Stimulation (shamTBS)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

147 citing papers in PubMed, 28 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 298 citations in OpenAlex.

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  7. Systematic review and meta-analysis of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for activities of daily living in Alzheimer's disease.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
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  14. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) on global cognitive function of elderly in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024
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  19. Safety and recommendations for TMS use in healthy subjects and patient populations, with updates on training, ethical and regulatory issues: Expert Guidelines.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021
    Guideline
  20. The role of noninvasive brain stimulation for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2020
    Pooled it

87 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Mohamed A AhmedDepartment of NeuroPsychiatry, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.
Esam S Darwish
Eman M Khedr
Yasser M El Serogy
Anwer M Ali
Assiut University · EG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The aim of the study was to compare the long-term efficacy of high versus low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), applied bilaterally over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), on cognitive function and cortical excitability of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Forty-five AD patients were randomly classified into three groups. The first two groups received real rTMS over the DLPFC (20 and 1 Hz, respectively) while the third group received sham stimulation. All patients received one session daily for five consecutive days. In each session, rTMS was applied first over the right DLPFC, immediately followed by rTMS over the left DLPFC. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Instrumental Daily Living Activity (IADL) scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were assessed before, after the last (fifth) session, and then followed up at 1 and 3 months. Neurophysiological evaluations included resting and active motor threshold (rMT and aMT), and the duration of transcallosal inhibition (TI) before and after the end of the treatment sessions. At base line assessment there were no significant differences between groups in any of the rating scales. The high frequency rTMS group improved significantly more than the low frequency and sham groups in all rating scales (MMSE, IADL, and GDS) and at all time points after treatment. Measures of cortical excitability immediately after the last treatment session showed that treatment with 20 Hz rTMS reduced TI duration. These results confirm that five daily sessions of high frequency rTMS over the left and then the right DLPFC improves cognitive function in patients with mild to moderate degree of AD. This improvement was maintained for 3 months. High frequency rTMS may be a useful addition to therapy for the treatment of AD.

Indexed as

AgedAged, 80 and overAlzheimer DiseaseCerebral CortexCognitionCorpus CallosumData Interpretation, StatisticalDopaminergic NeuronsEducational StatusElectroencephalographyElectromyographyFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGeriatric AssessmentHumansMagnetic Resonance Imaging

Identifiers

PMID21671144
OpenAlexW2094647859

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.