Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21670274›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011

A cascade of coregulating enhancer binding proteins initiates and propagates a multicellular developmental program.

Krista M Giglio, Nora Caberoy, Garret Suen, Dale Kaiser, Anthony G Garza

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Milestones in the development ofJournal of bacteriology · 2025
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  4. Cell-cell transfer of adaptation traits benefits kin and actor in a cooperative microbe.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
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  6. The σScientific reports · 2021
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  20. Are Myxobacteria intelligent?Frontiers in microbiology · 2013
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Krista M GiglioDepartment of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
Nora Caberoy
Garret Suen
Dale Kaiser
Anthony G Garza
Syracuse University · USStanford University · USUniversity of Miami · USUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The signal transduction networks that initiate multicellular development in bacteria remain largely undefined. Here, we report that Myxococcus xanthus regulates entry into its multicellular developmental program using a novel strategy: a cascade of transcriptional activators known as enhancer binding proteins (EBPs). The EBPs in the cascade function in sequential stages of early development, and several lines of evidence indicate that the cascade is propagated when EBPs that function at one stage of development directly regulate transcription of an EBP gene important for the next developmental stage. We also show that the regulatory cascade is designed in a novel way that extensively expands on the typical use of EBPs: Instead of using only one EBP to regulate a particular gene or group of genes, which is the norm in other bacterial systems, the cascade uses multiple EBPs to regulate EBP genes that are positioned at key transition points in early development. Based on the locations of the putative EBP promoter binding sites, several different mechanisms of EBP coregulation are possible, including the formation of coregulating EBP transcriptional complexes. We propose that M. xanthus uses an EBP coregulation strategy to make expression of EBP genes that modulate stage-stage transitions responsive to multiple signal transduction pathways, which provide information that is important for a coordinated decision to advance the developmental process.

Indexed as

Gene Expression Regulation, BacterialGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalBacterial ProteinsBase SequenceElectrophoretic Mobility Shift AssayEnhancer Elements, GeneticGenes, BacterialModels, BiologicalMolecular Sequence DataMutationMyxococcus xanthusOperonPhenotypePromoter Regions, GeneticProtein BindingRNA Polymerase Sigma 54Bacterial ProteinsRNA Polymerase Sigma 54

Identifiers

PMID21670274
PMCPMC3156219
OpenAlexW2116158370

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.