Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21668688›Full record

ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2011

Sexual dimorphism in lung function responses to acute influenza A infection.

Alexander N Larcombe, Rachel E Foong, Elizabeth M Bozanich, Luke J Berry, Luke W Garratt, Rosa C Gualano, Jessica E Jones, Lovisa F Dousha, Graeme R Zosky, Peter D Sly

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Biological sex influences immune response to influenza infection in juvenile outbred mice.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Role of Atypical MAPK p38 Signaling in the Progression of Influenza A-Induced Acute Lung Injury.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Estrogen and viral infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025
    Review
  11. Sex-based differences in persistent lung inflammation following influenza infection of juvenile outbred mice.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2024
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Biological Sex and Pregnancy Affect Influenza Pathogenesis and Vaccination.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Alexander N LarcombeDivision of Clinical Sciences, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA, Australia. alexanderl@ichr.uwa.edu.au
Rachel E Foong
Elizabeth M Bozanich
Luke J Berry
Luke W Garratt
Rosa C Gualano
Jessica E Jones
Lovisa F Dousha
Graeme R Zosky
Peter D Sly

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMales are generally more susceptible to respiratory infections; however, there are few data on the physiological responses to such infections in males and females.

objectivesTo determine whether sexual dimorphism exists in the physiological/inflammatory responses of weanling and adult BALB/c mice to influenza.

methodsWeanling and adult mice of both sexes were inoculated with influenza A or appropriate control solution. Respiratory mechanics, responsiveness to methacholine (MCh), viral titre and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cellular inflammation/cytokines were measured 4 (acute) and 21 (resolution) days post-inoculation.

resultsAcute infection impaired lung function and induced hyperresponsiveness and cellular inflammation in both sexes at both ages. Males and females responded differently with female mice developing greater abnormalities in tissue damping and elastance and greater MCh responsiveness at both ages. BAL inflammation, cytokines and lung viral titres were similar between the sexes. At resolution, all parameters had returned to baseline levels in adults and weanling males; however, female weanlings had persisting hyperresponsiveness.

conclusionsWe identified significant differences in the physiological responses of male and female mice to infection with influenza A, which occurred in the absence of variation in viral titre and cellular inflammation.

Indexed as

Sex CharacteristicsAnimalsCell LineCytokinesFemaleHumansInfluenza A virusInfluenza, HumanLungMaleMiceMice, Inbred BALB CWeaningCytokines

Identifiers

PMID21668688
PMCPMC4942045

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.