Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21668663›Full record

ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2012

Comparison of clinical features and outcomes of medically attended influenza A and influenza B in a defined population over four seasons: 2004-2005 through 2007-2008.

Stephanie A Irving, Darshan C Patel, Burney A Kieke, James G Donahue, Mary F Vandermause, David K Shay, Edward A Belongia

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
60citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. The burden of influenza B: a structured literature review.American journal of public health · 2013
    Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. The Spectrum of Influenza in Children.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Influenza in Children.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021
    Review
  15. [Description of Influenza B in seasonal epidemic in Cantabria during the beginning of the pandemia due to SARS-CoV-2].Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2020
    Observational
  16. Observational
  17. Article
  18. Comparison of clinical outcomes of influenza A and B at the 2017-2018 influenza season: a cohort study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2020
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Stephanie A IrvingMarshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA. irving.stephanie@marshfieldclinic.org
Darshan C Patel
Burney A Kieke
James G Donahue
Mary F Vandermause
David K Shay
Edward A Belongia

Funding

Rapid Analysis of Influenza Vaccine EffectivenessU01CI000192 · CI · MARSHFIELD CLINIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION · PI BELONGIA, EDWARD · 2004 to 2007
$1.0M
NCPDCID CDC HHS 1 U01 CI000192-01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere are few prospectively collected data comparing illnesses caused by different subtypes of influenza. We compared the clinical presentation and outcomes of subjects with primarily outpatient-attended influenza A and B infections during four consecutive influenza seasons (2004-2005 through 2007-2008).

methodsPatients were prospectively enrolled and tested for influenza following an encounter for acute respiratory illness. Influenza infections were confirmed by culture or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; subtype was determined for a sample of influenza A isolates each season. Clinical characteristics of influenza A and B infections were compared across and within individual seasons.

resultsWe identified 901 cases of influenza A and 284 cases of influenza B; 98% of cases were identified through an outpatient medical encounter. Thirty-six percent of patients with each strain had received seasonal influenza vaccine prior to illness onset. There were no consistent differences in symptoms associated with influenza A and B. Influenza A infection was associated with earlier care seeking compared with influenza B during the 2005-2006 and 2007-2008 seasons, when H3N2 was the dominant type A virus, and in a combined analysis that included all seasons. Twenty-six (2·2%) of 1185 cases were diagnosed with radiographically confirmed pneumonia, and 59 (5%) of 1185 patients were hospitalized within 30 days of illness onset.

conclusionsOver four influenza seasons, aside from shorter intervals from illness onset to clinical encounter for infections with the A(H3N2) subtype, clinical symptoms and outcomes were similar for patients with predominantly outpatient-attended influenza A and B infections.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHospitalizationHumansInfantInfluenza A virusInfluenza B virusInfluenza, HumanMaleMiddle AgedProspective Studies

Identifiers

PMID21668663
PMCPMC4941556

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.