ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2011
Risk factors by molecular subtypes of breast cancer across a population-based study of women 56 years or younger.
Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 201 citations in OpenAlex.
- The unique risk factor profile of triple-negative breast cancer: a comprehensive meta-analysis.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2024Pooled it
- Association of physical weight statuses defined by body mass index (BMI) with molecular subtypes of premenopausal breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Pooled it
- Association of reproductive risk factors and breast cancer molecular subtypes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2023Pooled it
- Oral Contraceptive Use and Assessment of Breast Cancer Risk among Premenopausal Women via Molecular Characteristics: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Breastfeeding and breast cancer risk by receptor status--a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2015Pooled it
- Multidimensional risk impact of obesity on breast cancer incidence, treatment, and prognosis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Review
- Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes and Receptor-Related Risk Factor Associations: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- The aetiology of breast cancer subtypes: results from the Million Women Study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Complex Interplay Between Obesity and BRCA1/2-Associated Breast Cancer: An Overview.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Review
- Translating Metabolic Interventions into Breast Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Short-term consumption of the modified standard American diet perturbed the metabolic balance and altered DNA damage in MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Predicting breast cancer risk and its association to biopsychosocial factors among Taiwanese women with a family history of breast cancer: an investigation based on the Gail model.BMC medical genomics · 2025Article
- Betulinic acid and obesity-related disorders.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Targeting the leptin receptor promotes MDA-MB-231 cells' metabolic reprogramming and malignancy: the role of extracellular vesicles derived from obese adipose tissue.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Feasibility of risk assessment for breast cancer molecular subtypes.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
- Beyond Milk and Nurture: Breastfeeding's Powerful Impact on Breast Cancer.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2024Article
- Reproductive characteristics, menopausal status, race and ethnicity, and risk of breast cancer subtypes defined by ER, PR and HER2 status: the Breast Cancer Etiology in Minorities study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2024Article
- Is There a Special Role for Ovarian Hormones in the Pathogenesis of Lobular Carcinoma?Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Lifetime alcohol consumption patterns and young-onset breast cancer by subtype among Non-Hispanic Black and White women in the Young Women's Health History Study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Article
- Trajectories of body mass index in adulthood and risk of subtypes of postmenopausal breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Article
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Differences in incidence, prognosis, and treatment response suggest gene expression patterns may discern breast cancer subtypes with unique risk factor profiles; however, previous results were based predominantly on older women. In this study, we examined similar relationships in women ≤ 56 years, classified by immunohistochemical staining for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 for 890 breast cancer cases and 3,432 frequency-matched population-based controls. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for tumor subtypes were calculated using multivariate polytomous regression models. A total of 455 (51.1%) tumors were considered luminal A, 72 (8.1%) luminal B, 117 (13.1%) non-luminal HER-2/neu+, and 246 (27.6%) triple negative. Triple negative tumors were associated with breast feeding duration (per 6 months: OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.64-0.90). Among premenopausal women, increasing body size was more strongly associated with luminal B (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.07-2.77) and triple negative tumors (OR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.22-2.28). A history of benign breast disease was associated only with increased risk of luminal A tumors (OR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.43-2.50). A family history of breast cancer was a risk factor for luminal A tumors (OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.38-2.70) regardless of age, and triple negative tumors with higher risks for women <45 (OR = 5.02, 95% CI 2.82-8.92; P for age interaction = 0.005). We found that little-to-no breastfeeding and high BMI were associated with increased risk of triple negative breast cancer. That some risk factors differ by molecular subtypes suggests etiologic heterogeneity in breast carcinogenesis among young women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.