ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2011
Serum estrogen levels and prostate cancer risk in the prostate cancer prevention trial: a nested case-control study.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum markers, obesity and prostate cancer risk: results from the prostate cancer prevention trial.Endocrine-related cancer · 2022Trial
- Associations between polymorphisms in genes related to estrogen metabolism and function and prostate cancer risk: results from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial.Carcinogenesis · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Associations of serum sex steroid hormone and 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol glucuronide concentrations with prostate cancer risk among men treated with finasteride.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2012Trial
- Repeat polymorphisms in estrogen metabolism genes and prostate cancer risk: results from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial.Carcinogenesis · 2011Trial
- Bridging Andrology and Oncology: Prognostic Indicators of Cancer Among Infertile Men.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Finasteride and Doxazosin: A Comparison of Lipid-Modulating Effects in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.International urology and nephrology · 2025Article
- The Pros and Cons of Estrogens in Prostate Cancer: An Update with a Focus on Phytoestrogens.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Interactions of obesity, body shape, diabetes and sex steroids with respect to prostate cancer risk in the UK Biobank cohort.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Association between estrogen receptor β polymorphisms and prostate cancer in a Slovak population.Oncology letters · 2021Article
- The Risk of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Treated with 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors (5ARIs).Clinical epidemiology · 2021Article
- Article
- Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Associated with Dutasteride Use.Yonsei medical journal · 2020Article
- The role of 5α-reductase inhibitors in gastro-oesophageal cancer risk: A nested case-control study.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2020Article
- Role of Estrogen in Androgen-Induced Prostate Carcinogenesis in NBL Rats.Hormones & cancer · 2019Article
- Molecular mechanisms involving prostate cancer racial disparity.American journal of clinical and experimental urology · 2017Review
- Serum androgens and prostate cancer risk: results from the placebo arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2016Article
- Review
- Article
- Sex steroid hormone metabolism in relation to risk of aggressive prostate cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveFinasteride reduces prostate cancer risk by blocking the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. However, whether finasteride affects estrogens levels or change in estrogens affects prostate cancer risk is unknown.
methodsThese questions were investigated in a case-control study nested within the prostate cancer prevention trial (PCPT) with 1,798 biopsy-proven prostate cancer cases and 1,798 matched controls.
resultsAmong men on placebo, no relationship of serum estrogens with risk of prostate cancer was found. Among those on finasteride, those in the highest quartile of baseline estrogen levels had a moderately increased risk of Gleason score < 7 prostate cancer (for estrone, odds ratio [OR] = 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06-2.15; for estradiol, OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.03-2.18). Finasteride treatment increased serum estrogen concentrations; however, these changes were not associated with prostate cancer risk.
conclusionOur findings confirm those from previous studies that there are no associations of serum estrogen with prostate cancer risk in untreated men. In addition, finasteride results in a modest increase in serum estrogen levels, which are not related to prostate cancer risk. Whether finasteride is less effective in men with high serum estrogens, or finasteride interacts with estrogen to increase cancer risk, is uncertain and warrants further investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.