SynthesisPLoS neglected tropical diseases2011
Predictors of visceral leishmaniasis relapse in HIV-infected patients: a systematic review.
Synthesis in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 185 citations in OpenAlex.
- World Association for Veterinary Dermatology Consensus Statement for Diagnosis, and Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment and Prevention of Canine Leishmaniosis.Veterinary dermatology · 2025Guideline
- Prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis among people with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy of anti-leishmania therapy in visceral leishmaniasis among HIV infected patients: a systematic review with indirect comparison.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2013Pooled it
- The diagnostic accuracy of serologic and molecular methods for detecting visceral leishmaniasis in HIV infected patients: meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2012Pooled it
- A randomized trial of AmBisome monotherapy and AmBisome and miltefosine combination to treat visceral leishmaniasis in HIV co-infected patients in Ethiopia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Trial
- Long-term Clinical Outcomes in Visceral Leishmaniasis/Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Coinfected Patients During and After Pentamidine Secondary Prophylaxis in Ethiopia: A Single-Arm Clinical Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Visceral leishmaniasis & HIV co-infection in Bangladesh: Investigating prevalence and policy recommendations.Journal of infection and public health · 2026Article
- Clinical, Laboratory, and Therapeutic Characteristics of Visceral Leishmaniasis with Emphasis on Immune Status: A Multicentre Cohort Study in Greece.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- [Temporal trends and clinical-epidemiological profile of visceral leishmaniasis-HIV coinfection in Brazilian states between 2009 and 2024].Cadernos de saude publica · 2026Article
- Prognostic models predicting clinical outcomes in patients diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis: a systematic review.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- The development of a global research agenda and individual participant data platform for visceral leishmaniasis: challenges and future opportunities.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Unveiling prognostic indicators in canine leishmaniosis: two decades of evidence.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Case Report: Long-Term Follow-Up of Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV Coinfected Patients Without Relapse: Lymphoproliferative Response After Stimulation with SolubleMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Insights to the HIV-associated visceral leishmaniasis clinical outcome: lessons learned about immune mediated disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Prediction of visceral leishmaniasis development in a highly exposed HIV cohort in Ethiopia based on Leishmania infection markers: results from the PreLeisH study.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- An update onParasite epidemiology and control · 2024Review
- A preliminary indication that HLA-A*03:01 may be associated with visceral leishmaniasis development in people living with HIV in Ethiopia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Relapses in canine leishmaniosis: risk factors identified through mixed-effects logistic regression.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- VL-HIV co-infection with Leishmania containing skin lesions resembling para-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a common complication in AIDS patients living in Leishmania-endemic areas. Although antiretroviral therapy has changed the clinical course of HIV infection and its associated illnesses, the prevention of VL relapses remains a challenge for the care of HIV and Leishmania co-infected patients. This work is a systematic review of previous studies that have described predictors of VL relapse in HIV-infected patients. REVIEW
methodsWe searched the electronic databases of MEDLINE, LILACS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Studies were selected if they included HIV-infected individuals with a VL diagnosis and patient follow-up after the leishmaniasis treatment with an analysis of the clearly defined outcome of prediction of relapse.
resultsEighteen out 178 studies satisfied the specified inclusion criteria. Most patients were males between 30 and 40 years of age, and HIV transmission was primarily via intravenous drug use. Previous VL episodes were identified as risk factors for relapse in 3 studies. Two studies found that baseline CD4+ T cell count above 100 cells/mL was associated with a decreased relapse rate. The observation of an increase in CD4+ T cells at patient follow-up was associated with protection from relapse in 5 of 7 studies. Meta-analysis of all studies assessing secondary prophylaxis showed significant reduction of VL relapse rate following prophylaxis. None of the five observational studies evaluating the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy use found a reduction in the risk of VL relapse upon patient follow-up.
conclusionSOME PREDICTORS OF VL RELAPSE COULD BE IDENTIFIED: a) the absence of an increase in CD4+ cells at follow-up; b) lack of secondary prophylaxis; and c) previous history of VL relapse. CD4+ counts below 100 cells/mL at the time of primary VL diagnosis may also be a predictive factor for VL relapse.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.